Binary Hydrogen Compounds of Nonmetals When Dissolved in Water (These compounds are commonly called acids.) The prefix hydro- is used to represent hydrogen, followed by the name of the nonmetal with its ending replaced by the suffix –ic and the word acid added. Examples: *HCl HBr Hydrochloric acid Hydrobromic acid *The name of this compound would be hydrogen chloride if it was NOT dissolved in water.

Naming Simple Chemical Compounds Ionic (metal and nonmetal) Covalent (2 nonmetals) Metal Nonmetal First nonmetal Second nonmetal Forms only one positive ion Forms more than one positive ion Single Negative Ion Polyatomic Ion Use the name of element Use element name followed by a Roman numeral to show the charge Use the name of the element, but end with ide Use the name of polyatomic ion (ate or Ite) Before element name use a prefix to match subscript Use a prefix before element name and end with ide

Naming Ternary Compounds from Oxyacids The following table lists the most common families of oxy acids. one more oxygen atom HClO4 perchloric acid most “common” HClO3 chloric acid H2SO4 sulfuric acid H3PO4 phosphoric acid HNO3 nitric acid one less oxygen HClO2 chlorous acid H2SO3 sulfurous acid H3PO3 phosphorous acid HNO2 nitrous acid two less oxygen HClO hypochlorous acid H3PO2 hypophosphorous acid (HNO)2 hyponitrous acid

An acid with a name ending in A salt with a name ending in -ous -ite forms -ic -ate forms Hill, Petrucci, General Chemistry An Integrated Approach 1999, page 60

Oxyacids  Oxysalts If you replace hydrogen with a metal, you have formed an oxysalt. A salt is a compound consisting of a metal and a non-metal. If the salt consists of a metal, a nonmetal, and oxygen it is called an oxysalt. NaClO4, sodium perchlorate, is an oxysalt. OXYACID OXYSALT HClO4 perchloric acid NaClO4 sodium perchlorate HClO3 chloric acid NaClO3 sodium chlorate HClO2 chlorous acid NaClO2 sodium chlorite HClO hypochlorous acid NaClO sodium hypochlorite

ACID SALT HClO3 + Na1+ NaClO3 + H1+ per stem ic changes to per stem ate stem ic changes to stem ate stem ous changes to stem ite hyper stem ous changes to hypo stem ite HClO3 + Na1+ NaClO3 + H1+ acid cation salt