Figure 1 Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) structures

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Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)

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Figure 1 Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) structures Figure 1 | Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) structures. a | The diagram shows the schematic domain structure of a second-generation CAR: a single-chain variable region (scFv) of an antibody, which provides target specificity; hinge and transmembrane regions; a co-stimulatory domain; and a T‑cell-activation domain. b | The evolution of CAR designs. In contrast to second-generation CARs, first-generation CARs lack a co-stimulatory domain. In all of the second-generation CARs tested in lymphoma clinical trials to date, the co‑stimulatory domain has been derived from either CD28 or 4‑1BB, which are co‑stimulatory receptors expressed on the surface of T cells. Third-generation CARs incorporate two co‑stimulatory domains, derived from different co‑stimulatory proteins, such as CD28 and 4‑1BB. Brudno, J. N. & Kochenderfer, J. N. (2017) Chimeric antigen receptor T‑cell therapies for lymphoma Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2017.128