Cognitive Development

Piaget: Preoperational Stage Ages 2-7 Strength = Ability to use symbols Symbols = words, objects, behaviors that stand for something else Symbolic thought

Piaget: Concrete Operational Stage Ages 7-11 Strengths = symbols + logic, flexibility, organization Conservation, classification, perspective taking, seriation, spatial reasoning Examples of concrete operational thought

Piaget: Concrete Operational Stage Major Limitation: wedded to organization, logic, and concrete information that is perceived directly

Piaget: Stage limitations and strengths Centration   Egocentrism Conservation

Some examples: Go to the Weebly site and view sample video clips of Piagetian tasks

Egocentrism and Perspective taking Perspective taking = ability to take the perspective of another person. Understanding that one person's perception of reality might be quite different from your own.

Classification Placement of objects in groups or categories according to some standard or criteria.   E.g., tulips and daisies

Appearance/reality Ability to distinguish between the way things seem to be and the way things really are. DeVries Flavell

Some examples Go to the Weebly site and view video clip examples

Theory of Mind The ability to think about other people’s mental states, emerges during preschool years   False-belief task: testing whether children know that we can have incorrect beliefs about a situation if those beliefs have not been corrected

Understanding of number 1. One-to-one correspondence rule: each number word is assigned to one object, each object gets one number word. (by around age 4)  2. Cardinality rule - the last number spoken is the answer to the "how many?" question. (by around age 4) 3. Order-irrelevance principle - most abstract principle, order in which you count the objects doesn't matter - the number will still be the same. (by around age 5 or 6)

Children’s Drawings 1. Scribble: not as concerned with the "look" of the product as with the enjoyment of moving their hands 2. Age 3 - begin to recognize that lines can represent things, boundaries of objects, draw circles often, start to draw people

Children’s Drawings 3. By 5 - start to set drawings in scenes 4. Age 5+ - with age more likely to adopt stereotyped ways of depicting objects, also more likely to incorporate motion, rhythm, greater realism - more interested in mirroring reality

Children’s Drawings Includes many cognitive components and aspects of theories: regular series of stages (Piaget), stages in drawing may be tied to the ability to hold several aspects of an object in mind

Significance of aggression Examples Go to Weebly Site and view clip on aggression and write a short reaction

Significance of aggression Bullying School-violence Stability Developmental outcomes

How do we define aggression? General definition: behavior intended to harm or injure a living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment Hostile aggression:   Instrumental aggression: