Warm Up– November 2 1. What was the Old Regime in France? Grab the handout and answer the following questions on a post it: 1. What was the Old Regime in France? 2. What was the goal of the French Revolution? 3. What kind of government did the National Assembly set up in France? 4. What was the Reign of Terror? How did this period lead to the rise of Napoleon as leader of France? 5. Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England? (What advantages did it have that would allow it to start there?)

Unit 6: Enlightenment, absolutism and revolution Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution Reading Download the Industrial Revolution Reading under today’s date on my website and answer the following questions on the same post it as the warm up: 1. How would a larger population help lead to the industrial revolution? 2. What was needed to meet the needs of the larger populations in Europe? 3. What two important advantages did Britain enjoy that helped them be the first in the Industrial Revolution? 4. Describe the living and working conditions in cities 5. What did each of the these countries (France, Belgium, Switzerland) specialize in during the Industrial Revolution? 6. How did workers attempt to reform the terrible working conditions that they were forced to work in? What improvement were they able to make?

Definition Shift from making goods by hand to using machines. Greatly increased output of manufactured goods. Began in England in mid-1700s

Why it Happened in England Industrialization Process of developing machine production of goods Requires natural resources: Water power and coal to fuel new machines Iron Ore to construct machines, tools, and buildings Rivers for inland transportation Harbors from which merchant ships sail

Why it Happened Factors of Production Natural Resources needed to produce goods and services that the Industrial Revolution required Includes land, labor, and capital (or wealth)

New Inventions Inventions Spur Industrialization Textile Manufacturing – inventions helped increased production of wool, linen, and cotton Examples: Flying shuttle and Spinning jenny

Improvements in Transportation Watt’s Steam Engine JAMES WATT Made travel more efficient and faster by burning less fuel Water Transportation Boats, canals Road Transportation More and better improved roads helped make trade easier

Improvements in Railroads Four major effects Railroads spurred industrial growth by giving manufacturers a cheap way to transport materials and finished products New jobs Boosted England’s agricultural and fishing industries (transportation) People encouraged to taking jobs in other towns

Economic Effects Creation of corporations Businesses that sell stock - shares of ownership Similar to joint-stock companies Growth of middle class Western Europe & America become richer than other nations

Social Effects Urbanization - growth of cities Crowded, dangerous and unsanitary

Political Effects debate over which economic system is best Capitalism vs. socialism/communism

Capitalism Property is privately owned Businesses compete for customers People invest to get profit

Capitalism Explained in Adam Smith’s book The Wealth of Nations People work for their own good Competition makes better products

Socialism Some property is owned by government Government plans economy, provides services Operates for everyone’s benefit

Communism Property owned collectively Articulated by Karl Marx Wrote The Communist Manifesto Predicted workers would revolt, produce goods cooperatively, share them equally

Industrial Reform Movement Responded to negative aspects of industrialization Workers formed unions Group of workers who advocate for themselves Use collective bargaining, strikes Helped get minimum wage, ban child labor, limit hours Free public schools Women's suffrage, equal pay

TOD – November 2 Answer the following questions on the same post it as the warm up: 1. What shift occurred in how goods were produced during the Industrial Revolution? Where did it begin? 2. Which invention made travel more efficient and faster by burning less fuel? What was built to make water and road travel easier? 3. Describe the significance of Railroads 4. What effects did urbanization have on cities? 5. What is a major difference between how wealth Is distributed in Capitalism and Communism? 6. How did the Industrial Reform movement attempt to improve Industrialization?