The Reproductive System PART 1 The Reproductive System

The Reproductive System Primary sex organs Testes Ovaries Accessory sex organs Glands External genitalia Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Male Reproductive System The scrotum Skin and superficial fascia surrounding the testes Positioning provides an environment 3˚ cooler than body temperature Dartos muscle – layer of smooth muscle Cremaster muscle – bands of skeletal muscle surrounding the testes Elevates the testes Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Male Reproductive System Figure 24.1 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Scrotum – Containing the Testes and Spermatic Cord Figure 24.2 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Are enclosed in a serous sac – the tunica vaginalis The Testes Are enclosed in a serous sac – the tunica vaginalis Tunica albuginea – fibrous capsule of the testes Divides each testis into 250 – 300 lobules Lobules contain 1– 4 coiled seminiferous tubules Epididymis Comma-shaped structure on posterior testis Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Testes Figure 24.3a Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Spermatic Cord in the Inguinal Canal Figure 24.7 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Carries sperm from ejaculatory ducts to “outside” The Urethra Carries sperm from ejaculatory ducts to “outside” Three parts of male urethra Prostatic Membranous Spongy Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Urethra Figure 24.8a, b Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Uterine Tubes Figure 24.12 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Lies anterior to rectum – posterior to bladder The Uterus Lies anterior to rectum – posterior to bladder Anteverted (anteflexed) usual position of uterus Parts of the uterus Fundus – rounded superior portion Cervix – “neck” of uterus Cervical canal – communicates with vagina inferiorly Internal os – opening connecting with uterine cavity External os – inferior opening of cervix Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Uterus PLAY Female Reproductive Anatomy Figure 24.11 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Uterine Wall Figure 24.18b Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Series of cyclic phases of the endometrium The Uterine Cycle Series of cyclic phases of the endometrium Phases coordinate with the ovarian cycle Endometrial phases directed by FSH and LH Phases of uterine cycle Menstrual phase – days 1 – 5 Stratum functionalis is shed Proliferative phase – days 6 – 14 Secretory phase – days 15 – 28 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Series of cyclical changes to endometrium The phases of uterine cycle The Uterine Cycle Series of cyclical changes to endometrium The phases of uterine cycle Menstrual phase (days 1– 5) Proliferative phase (days 6 – 14) Secretory phase (days 15 – 28) Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Structural and hormonal changes The Menstrual Cycle Structural and hormonal changes Figure 24.19a, c Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Menstrual Cycle Figure 24.19b, d Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Consists of three coats The Vagina Consists of three coats Adventitia – fibrous connective tissue Muscularis – smooth muscle Mucosa – marked by transverse folds Consists of lamina propria and stratified squamous epithelium Hymen – an incomplete diaphragm Fornix – recess formed at the superior part of the vagina Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Vagina Figure 24.12 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Vagina Figure 24.11 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings