Leaving Certificate Religious Education

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Presentation transcript:

Leaving Certificate Religious Education “Meaning and Values” image retrieved from: https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2014/09/09/18/38/goodness-440313_960_720.jpg on the 5th of September’2018. Section A: Search for Meaning and Values

Leaving Certificate Religion Course Details Syllabus Structure Examination (80%) 2.5 Hours 7-8 Essays Questions Coursework (20%) 2,500-3,000 words Due the final Friday of 6th Year Unit One - Section A: The Search for Meaning and Values Unit Two - Section B: Christianity: Origins and Contemporary Expressions - Section C: World Religions - Section D: Moral Decision Making Unit Three - Section E: Religion and Gender - Section F: Issues of Justice and Peace - Section G: Worship, Prayer and Ritual - Section H: The Bible: Literature and Sacred Text - Section I: Religion: The Irish Experience - Section J: Religion and Science

Aims To present religions as systematic responses to perennial questions common to all peoples about the meaning of life in the world. To develop an understanding of the nature of this search for meaning through an examination of questions arising in personal experience. To examine philosophical and religious answers to the questions of the meaning of life and its ultimate grounding. To examine the philosophical and religious answers to the questions of the existence of God, and the nature of divine revelation. To examine the role of religion in the secular world.

The Quest for Meaning: The Tradition of Search As a result of studying this section, students should be able to give a brief definition and explanation of the nature and purpose of philosophy in terms of the search for meaning and values in the case of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle present a summary of two of their main ideas and explain why each idea was important in the development of philosophy outline the place of the Sophists in the society of ancient Greece and their importance in the development of philosophical thought on the question of the search for meaning: identify and briefly explain three key moments in the development of philosophical thought from the classical to the contemporary period. “Chequered flag” image retrieved from: https://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiyh5PUlcXeAhVMKlAKHTEDDDUQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpngimg.com%2Fdownload%2F22469&psig=AOvVaw1CxA-f-AHAnJaSdGM8eqcE&ust=1541779307018157 on the 8th of November’2018. “Target” image retrieved from: https://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjwipj89cjZAhVCLlAKHUIcBckQjRx6BAgAEAY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpngimg.com%2Fdownload%2F27459&psig=AOvVaw2r_FPd-tdSwVtk3qaZzk1g&ust=1519918002514832 on the 28th of March’2018.

Give a brief definition and explanation of the nature and purpose of philosophy in terms of the search for meaning and values Philosophy “Target” image retrieved from: https://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjwipj89cjZAhVCLlAKHUIcBckQjRx6BAgAEAY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpngimg.com%2Fdownload%2F27459&psig=AOvVaw2r_FPd-tdSwVtk3qaZzk1g&ust=1519918002514832 on the 28th of March’2018. Brain graduate”: Retrieved from: https://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjR4eaRrcHZAhVHaFAKHSzyBvAQjRx6BAgAEAY&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpixabay.com%2Fen%2Fbrain-clever-thought-dear-hats-2799833%2F&psig=AOvVaw3XgTYvlmHQW3mTU8D_IhAD&ust=1519657820362976. on the 25th of February’ 2018.

Over to you….. What are the most basic human needs? Why is it not possible for a person to fulfill the need for self-actualisation if their basic needs are not met? “Uncle Sam” image retrieved from: https://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiqyeGX1sHZAhWGJVAKHWmuB9MQjRx6BAgAEAY&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpixabay.com%2Fen%2Fusa-uncle-sam-i-want-you-army-49909%2F&psig=AOvVaw2BOVbr9IpyC5zaB1ILpPLF&ust=1519668931646595 on the 25th of February’2018. “Presentation” image retrieved from: https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/11/03/09/10/presentation-1020162_960_720.jpg on the 5th of September’2018.

Metaphysics Logic Ethics Anthropology Epistemology the study of being and the universe  Metaphysics the study of reasoning Logic the study of moral behaviour Ethics the study of human nature Anthropology the study of knowledge Epistemology

Outline the place of the Sophists in the society of ancient Greece and their importance in the development of philosophical thought  Key People/Groups The Sophists Pythagoras Thrasymachus “Target” image retrieved from: https://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjwipj89cjZAhVCLlAKHUIcBckQjRx6BAgAEAY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpngimg.com%2Fdownload%2F27459&psig=AOvVaw2r_FPd-tdSwVtk3qaZzk1g&ust=1519918002514832 on the 28th of March’2018.

The Sophists “Sophists’ image retrieved from: The Sophists ·       The Sophists were a group of travelling philosophers.   ·       They lived in Athens during the 5th and 6th centuries BCE   ·       They believed that there was no such things as absolute good or evil, wrong or right; it all depended on the circumstances.    o   Pythagoras is an example of this. He believed the truth was a matter of each individual and that what is true for me may not be true for you but both positions are valid. “Man is the measure of all things”.    o   “Justice is simply the interests of the stronger”. Thrasymachus’ view reinforces the Sophist’s belief that the difference between good and evil cannot be known; the concepts of truth and justice were mere products of habit and circumstance, often created by those in power to suit their own interests. ***   ·       The sophists appealed to the politically ambitious younger generation; it taught them the skill of persuasion through rhetoric in debating and public speaking.    ·       The philosophy of the Sophists created bitter disagreement because they said that there were no absolute norms for what was right and wrong. They contributed to the breakdown of moral order. The distinction between good and evil were no longer clear, and this caused problems in Greek society.    ·       The philosophers who followed, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle disagreed with the views held by the Sophists. https://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj6x7jzjMXeAhUIPVAKHSwrALIQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPythagoras&psig=AOvVaw0-GRerr8Fmu2C6Wvt8u64X&ust=1541776956064712 on the 8th of November’2018 The Sophists

“Man is the measure of all things”. Pythagoras Pythagoras believed the truth was a matter of each individual and that what is true for me may not be true for you but both positions are valid. “Pythagoras” image retrieved from: https://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwic7oaAjMXeAhUOL1AKHSvRBZ0QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3APythagoras_in_the_Roman_Forum%2C_Colosseum.jpg&psig=AOvVaw3CZ-YrUlemK2g2T_5RX-XL&ust=1541776709938286 on the 8th November’2018.

“Justice is simply the interests of the stronger”. Thrasymachus  Thrasymachus’ view reinforces the Sophist’s belief that the difference between good and evil cannot be known; the concepts of truth and justice were mere products of habit and circumstance, often created by those in power to suit their own interests. 

In the case of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle present a summary of two of their main ideas and explain why each idea was important in the development of philosophy  Key People/ Concepts Socrates Plato/ Allegory of the Cave Aristotle Ethics Justice/ Injustice The Soul/ The Body/ The Mind Wisdom Happiness “Target” image retrieved from: https://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjwipj89cjZAhVCLlAKHUIcBckQjRx6BAgAEAY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpngimg.com%2Fdownload%2F27459&psig=AOvVaw2r_FPd-tdSwVtk3qaZzk1g&ust=1519918002514832 on the 28th of March’2018.

Socrates:  a philosopher in Athens in the 6th century BCE  was concerned with the question of ethics: right and wrong, good and evil, justice and injustice. He moved philosophy beyond reflections on the natural world.   wished to establish a universal definition of Justice, worked to find laws and limits that could be observed in order to live a good life and once those laws were found they would become universal.   For Socrates knowing what was good was the same as doing what was good. He believed:   soul was very important and had to be cared for; this could be done by the gaining of wisdom- knowing what was good led to doing what was good.   that gaining wisdom was the key to living a virtuous life and thereby saving the soul.   that an action is right when it promotes true happiness of the human being and true pleasure and lasting happiness were to be attained through moral living.

Screenshot taken of youtube video on the 8th of November’2018 Screenshot taken of youtube video on the 8th of November’2018. Hyperlink attached to image.

Plato:  was a student of Socrates  founded his own school called the Academy  he saw the body and soul in conflict. This is known as the dualistic understanding of the human person.   sought to understand reality and how we perceive it.      Believed:  the world was divided into reality and appearance – knowledge ( truth ) and opinion.  that true knowledge could only be found through the intellect, the mind. The senses could not be trusted.   that the person who is concerned with the world of true knowledge, is concerned with beauty itself.  for something to truly exist it must have some un-changeability in it.  that humanity should be on a journey upwards from the material to the spiritual.  Plato’s concern for meaning alongside with his distrust of the senses resulted in his theory of ideas.  His theory of ideas stated that there are pure, unchangeable ideas which human beings may ‘forget’ but which can be understood through the use of intellect.   His parable of the Cave is an Allegory. It charts the journey that must be taken by all who strive to live a good life. This journey involves a personal conversion – a radical re-shaping of one’s vision. 

  Aristotle  Moved beyond Plato in his recognition that we know the world through the senses  His life can be divided into three stages:  His time with Plato  His time spent at Assos and Mitylene  His time in leadership of the Lyceum in Athens     Is recognised for his contribution to scientific thought and principles  Believed:   that our knowledge begins with the senses. We then move from the particular to the general.    in the principles of form and matter. Everything has form and matter, and both are equally important and one cannot exist without the other.   that form is that which makes something what it is and the matter is that which makes the thing individual and concrete.    we have two ways of knowing, firstly from our senses and then through the intellect.    That through our senses we learn about the changing aspects of things, and through the intellect we understand the things that remain unchanging.   The soul:  every living thing possesses a psyche (soul). The person’s soul enables him / her true potential, which for Aristotle is happiness.   Ethics:   virtue is defined as excellence in fulfilling one’s proper task or purpose. A person becomes virtuous by doing virtuous things.   The chief moral concern for Aristotle, therefore, was living a virtuous life.

On the question of the search for meaning: identify and briefly explain three key moments in the development of philosophical thought from the classical to the contemporary period.  1_______________ 2______________ 3.__________________ “Target” image retrieved from: https://www.google.ie/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjwipj89cjZAhVCLlAKHUIcBckQjRx6BAgAEAY&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpngimg.com%2Fdownload%2F27459&psig=AOvVaw2r_FPd-tdSwVtk3qaZzk1g&ust=1519918002514832 on the 28th of March’2018.