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Of Popes and Kings 7.34 Demonstrate understanding of the conflict and cooperation between the Papacy and European monarchs, including Charlemagne, Gregory.

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TURN IN YOUR EXTRA CREDIT UP FRONT! Happy halloween!

Catholic Church Orthodoxy vs. Heresy

Middle Ages Widespread missionary work in Europe during early Middle Ages Converting the pagans (some blending: Halloween, Christmas) Catholic Church was the only unifying European institution Duty of all noblemen to support the church Contests for power between church and state Church controlled large tracts of land Tithe: 10% annual tax to the church

Capitulary on Saxony Capitulary: laws, regulations, and punishments regarding religious practice Background: Charlemagne, a powerful king, forcibly converted the Saxons to Christianity What does this document reveal about resistance to conversion? How is that resistance counteracted?

Orthodoxy v. Heresy Orthodoxy: The official, “correct” way of thinking—as approved by the Church Heresy: A philosophy that deviates from the commonly accepted traditions and tenets Believes something contrary to church philosophy, refuses to recant (give it up) Who decides what is heresy? The Church Who punishes? Church can excommunicate, but other penalties (burned at stake, etc.) were decided by the state, especially the local lords

The Albigensian Crusade Crusade ordered by Pope Innocent III against the Cathars of France Deemed heretics by the Church As you read, take notes on… What makes the Cathars heretical? How did the Catholic Church react to the Cathars? Why did the Cathars stand out as a heretical group?

Destruction of the Knights Templar Answer the four questions on the back.