Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy Answers “What is it?” Medical Terminology Structure / Form Replace common name with medical name Ex. Knee Cap = Patella Structure / Form round disk located in a tendon that passes over the knee. synovial hinge joint

Anatomy Official Definition: “Anatomy is the branch of science that deals with the structure (morphology) of body parts – their forms and how they are organized.” (p. 4)

Physiology Answers “How does it work?” Hinge Joint One bone fits into another Movement is permitted in one plane, like a hinge of a door.

Physiology Official Definition: Physiology is the branch of science that deals with… “the function of body parts – what they do and how they do it” (p. 4)

Comparing Anatomy and Physiology Anatomists use observation Physiologists use experimentation Together: The functional role (physiology) of a part depends on how it is constructed (anatomy).

Comparing Anatomy and Physiology Anatomists use observation Physiologists use experimentation Together: The functional role (physiology) of a part depends on how it is constructed (anatomy).

History of Anatomy and Physiology Early study: Egypt. China. Rome. Mummification, Surgery, Treatment Early healers: Superstition and magic Later healers: Herbs as medicine, knowledge of body systems Rome (Greek and Latin): Development of standardized terms Foundation of Western medicine

Healthy Bodies Rely on Homeostasis Maintaining a stable, internal environment Not too hot…. …not too cold Balanced regulation of body

Maintaining Homeostasis Homeostatic Mechanism: Negative Feedback Set point Normal Range (Individual vs. Population) Ex. Thermostats and Body Regulation Too Hot Sweat to cool down Too Cold Shiver to warm up

Homeostasis works to regulate ALL conditions that keep you alive. Without Homeostasis Too Hot = Death Too Cold = Death Homeostasis works to regulate ALL conditions that keep you alive. Water Pressure Oxygen Heat Food

Disorder, Dysfunction, Illness, and Injury Inherited condition Developed condition Impacts entire body Primary System(s) Secondary System(s)

Organ Systems Body Covering and Protection Integumentary System Skin

Support and Movement Bones Skeletal System Muscles Muscular System

Integration, Coordination, and Control Nerves Nervous System Glands Endocrine System Hormones

Transport Lymph Nodes Heart, Veins, Arteries Cardiovascular System Lymphatic System

Absorption and Excretion Digestive System Respiratory System Lungs Urinary System Viscera Kidneys and Bladder

Reproduction Female Male Reproductive System

Disorder, Dysfunction, Illness, and Injury Rheumatoid Arthritis Pneumonia Elephantitis Scoliosis Lymphadenitis Skin Wounds