Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics (CHPE208) – Chapter 0 Manivannan Elumalai Sep., 2015

Lecture Schedule Time: 12:30 pm – 01:45 pm (Mon, Wed) Class Room: 32-4 Contact Details: Office: 27-15 Office Hours: 10.00 am-12.30 pm (Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu) Email: manivannan@unizwa.edu.om University Land Line: 254468835

Assessments Final exam 40% In-Semester Exams (2) 40% Quiz (2) 10% Assignments (2) 10% Total 100%

Recommended Texts and References Textbook: Smith, J.M., Van Ness, H.C. and Abbott, M.M. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2001. ISBN 0-07-310445-0 References: Winnick, J., Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, John Wiley, 1997. ISBN 0-471-05590-5 Sandler, I.S., Chemical and Engineering Thermodynamics, 3rd Edition, John Wiley, 1999. ISBN 0-471-18210-9

Syllabus 1. Introduction and Definitions System and surroundings Thermodynamic properties; intensive and extensive properties; temperature Zeroth law of thermodynamics; work; heat 2. First Law of Thermodynamics Joule’s experiments; statement of first law Internal energy; heat capacity and enthalpy Steady-state flow process

3. Volumetric Properties of Pure Fluids Ideal gas Virial equations for real gas Cubic equations of state Generalized correlations 4. Heat Effects Sensible heat Latent heat Heat of reaction 5. Second Law of Thermodynamics Statements of the second law Heat engine Concept of entropy; reversibility and irreversibility Third law of thermodynamics

Relationships among properties 6. Thermodynamic properties of Fluids Euler’s criterion Relationships among properties Properties of single and two phase systems Thermodynamic diagrams and tables Generalised correlations of properties of gases

Where is thermodynamics used? Distillation columns Distillation is the most widely used separation process in the chemical industry. In particular it is widely used in the petroleum industry. When a solution containing two volatile substances is heated up, one of them will be present in the vapour above the solution in greater quantities than the other. For example in a solution containing water and alcohol. The fact that one component 'prefers' to be in the vapour is used to design distillation columns which separate two or more substances based on differences in their volatility. Applications: Given a mixture of substances in a liquid solution, it can be used to predict which will prefer to be in the vapour phase and which in the liquid phase.

Where is Thermodynamics used? Heat Exchangers When a solid, liquid or gas has to be heated up or cooled down a heat exchanger is used. In a heat exchanger a hot fluid (e.g. hot water or steam) is used to heat a cooler fluid. The two fluids will be separated by some physical barrier such as a tube wall or a metal plate. The aim of a heat exchanger designer is to make sure that the area of the tube walls or metal plate is large enough for the required amount of heat to be transferred from the hot fluid to the cold fluid. The amount of heat that has to be transferred between fluid streams is called the heat load. Application: The heat load is calculated using the First Law of Thermodynamics and a thermodynamic property called the specific heat capacity.

Where is thermodynamics used? Other devices: Pipes Condensers & reboilers Liquid extractors