Copyright Catherine M. Burns ANTHROPOMETRY Chapter 10 in text 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Idea of Human Variation Tallest in the class? Shortest in the class? Classroom ergonomics... 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns General Idea Design to fit as large a range of people as possible Never design for the average person Design for the average fits no one 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns The 5pc-95pc Range 5th percentile female 95 percentile male Even this range leaves people out - approx 10 people in this class use ranges based on what makes sense 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns Percentiles 95th f. 5th pc female 95th m. 5th pc male # of people 99th f. 99th m. 6’ 5’ Female avg=50th pc Male avg=50thpc Height 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns Variation Human size changes with age gender ethnic group (90% US = 10% Vietnamese) Occupation (basketball vs. ballet) Generational growth Time of day Has been revised several times people vary limb by limb 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns 2000 Anthropometric Data Japanese female to US male Available online. 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns Measurement section on normal distribution don’t worry about measurement don’t worry about tables and how to do, DO worry about But follow the NASA 2000 standard! 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Anthropometric Design 1. Determine who the users are (the population) 2. Determine the relevant body dimensions 3. Determine the relevant percentage level. both male and female? is 5th-95th range too small do you need both ends of the range for that problem? 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns From the NASA Standard 3.2 GENERAL ANTHROPOMETRICS & BIOMECHANICS RELATED DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS {A} 3.2.1 Anthropometric Database Design Considerations The following are considerations that must be made when using and applying anthropometric data. a. Percentile Range - Design and sizing of space modules should ensure accommodation, compatibility, operability, and maintainability by the user population. Generally, design limits are based on a range of the user population from the 5th percentile values for critical body dimensions, as appropriate. The use of this range will theoretically provide coverage for 90% of the user population for that dimension. b. User Population Definition - Anthropometric data should be established form a survey of the actual user population.. Data are provided for the 5th percentile Asian Japanese and the 95th percentile White or Black American male projected to the year 2000. c. Misuse of the 50th Percentile - There is an erroneous tendency to consider the 50th percentile dimensional data as sufficient to accommodate the majority of users. This must not be done. The 50th percentile dimensions will accommodate only a narrow portion of the population, not a majority of the users. The full size range of users must be considered. d. Summation of Segment Dimensions - Caution must be taken when combining body segment dimensions. The 95th percentile arm length, for instance, is not the addition of the 95th percentile shoulder-to-elbow length plus the 95th percentile elbow-to-hand length. The actual 95th percentile arm length will be somewhat less. e. Percentiles within a category of data are exclusive. For example, a person who is 5th percentile body size does not necessarily have 5th percentile reach or joint movement. 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

STATURE SECULAR GROWTH RATE (per decade) For this standard, an operational year of 2000 and a crewmember age of 40 years has been selected. The secular growth rates of stature used to predict the year 2000 population are shown in Figure 3.2.3.3-1. These secular growth trends must be validated periodically. Figure 3.2.3.3-1 Assumed Secular Growth Rate of Stature  STATURE SECULAR GROWTH RATE (per decade) American male 1.0 cm (0.4 in) Japanese female 2.6 cm (1.0 in) 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns Female Dimensions (1) 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

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Copyright Catherine M. Burns Female Dimensions (2) 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

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Copyright Catherine M. Burns Male Dimensions (1) 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns Male Dimensions 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns Male Dimensions (2) 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

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Other Available Measures     27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns Head and foot measurements Body segment mass and volume 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns Ranges Seat height Seat width Doorway height Checkout counters at supermarkets 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns Work Space Design Clearances: must accommodate the largest users Reach and Visibility Reach envelopes: must consider minimum reach Visibility: most comfortable visibility range 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns Sample Problem Determine the minimum clearance needed between two tall shelves that people occasionally need to pass in between. Use the NASA 2000 data. 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns Look for the broadest measurement (95th) between male and female data. (generally hips or shoulders, 378/459) 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns Select the appropriate values from the table. 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns The shelves should be placed at least 61.5 cm apart. 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns Sample problem 2 You are designing an ergonomic desk chair. What range should the hydraulic seat height adjustment have? 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns Need both 5th pc female to 95th pc male range. Select measure from the chart. Values from the table. 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

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Copyright Catherine M. Burns Male 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

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Copyright Catherine M. Burns Solution The chair seat must adjust from 34.7 to 48.1 cm. 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns Design Principles Maximize visibility Maximize reachability Determine clearances/comfort Determine an optimum arrangement 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns Most Visible Range Normal line of sight: 10 to 15 degrees below the horizontal visible range +/- 15 degrees of normal line of sight Figure 10.6 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Design of Work Surfaces Figure 10.9 Precise work higher 100-110 cm (male) Light work 90-95 cm Heavy work 75-90 cm 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Link Analysis for Component Arrangement Technique for determining arrangement Spatially organize components Link by variable of interest travel time frequency of use Thickness of link represents variable Redesign to improve variable of interest 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns Sample problem From observing the traffic in an office, the following data were collected: Manager to Printer: 10 trips/day Manager to Coffee Machine: 1 trip/day Manager to Bill: 1 trip/day Bill’s office to Coffee Machine: 10 trips/day Bill’s office to Printer: 3 trips/day Traffic from the Printer to the Coffee Machine: 10 trips/day The office designer would like to accomplish two things: Minimize the distance the manager has to travel (she has a bum knee) Minimize the amount of cross traffic in the office (other employees find it distracting. 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Copyright Catherine M. Burns Example Old design, from measurements New design B C C P B P M M Solution: Move Bill and the Coffee machine away from the manager. Put the coffee machine and the printer beside each other. 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns

Exercise: Out of this world design Design a chair for aliens. The aliens have very different bodies than ours. Their planet has weaker gravity than ours, so they can leap long distances, gliding half a mile or more with their feathery wings. Their three legs are 1.5m to 3m and springy, to boost them into the air. Their feet have suction cups, and they often use one foot to grip things. They have claw-like hands on their wings, but don't use them to grip—they use their foot-suctions instead. The aliens can also hold small objects in their mouths. 27/11/2018 Copyright Catherine M. Burns