Molecules that contain carbon Organic Molecules Molecules that contain carbon

Carbon is important to living organisms for several reasons…. Carbon is found in all living things Complex molecules are made up of carbon bonding with other elements to make biological building blocks

Building blocks link together to form complex molecules Monomers are building blocks. Monomers bond together to form long chains called polymers.

4 types of Biomolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

1. Carbohydrates Sugars, starches and fibers found in fruits, grains, vegetables and milk products. 

Function Quick/short-term energy Energy storage Structure

Elements (C,H,O) Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

Monomer: Monosaccharide Simple sugars EX: glucose, fructose, galactose

Polysaccharides many monomers joined together Starch energy storage in plants Glycogen energy storage in animals Cellulose support for plant cell walls Chitin support in exoskeletons of arthropods

EX: Carbohydrates Identify each example as a monosaccharide or polysaccharide. fruit potatoes pasta honey exoskeleton

2. Lipids A group of biological molecules that generally do not dissolve in water

Found in… Vegetable oil Animal fats Waxes Cell Membranes Steroids/Hormones Candle wax Lipid bilayer of cell membrane

Function Insulation Protection Long term energy storage

Elements (C, H, O) Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

Monomers Glycerol Fatty acids

Polymer Ex. Triglyceride = Glycerol and three fatty acids

Phosphate group, 2 fatty acids & glycerol Ex. Phospholipid Phosphate group, 2 fatty acids & glycerol

3. Proteins  Large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body

Found in… muscle skin hair

Functions Structure Speed up chemical reactions (enzymes) Regulate body processes (antibodies & hormones)

Elements (C, H, O, N) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

Monomer Amino Acids (20 different kinds)

Polymer Peptide bond Amino acids are joined together to form protein The bond between amino acids is called a PEPTIDE BOND. Peptide bond

4. Nucleic Acids Function: Store, transmit, and transfer genetic information Examples: DNA & RNA Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

Monomer Nucleotide (3 parts)

Polymer (Circle the nucleotides)

Review Carbon Compounds Include 4 types Made up of Made up of which contain which contain which contain which contain EX: EX: EX: EX:

Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous Review Carbon Compounds Include 4 types Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Made up of Made up of Made up of Made up of Monosaccharides Glycerol & fatty acids Amino Acids Nucleotides which contain which contain which contain which contain Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous EX: EX: EX: EX:

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