Digestion and Nutrition

Front cover (old) & pg 386 (new) 1. Decidu- 8. -clast 2. Hepat- 9. saccharide 3. odonto- 10. peri- 4. di- 11. Gastr- 5. –blast 12. Dent- 6. poly- 13. lingu- 7. Chym(e/o) 14. Labi(o)

ENZYMES Definition: A protein that speeds up chemical reactions WITHOUT being changed. (catalyst)

Substrate: Substance acted upon by the enzyme. ENZYMES Substrate: Substance acted upon by the enzyme.

Products: substances resulting from enzyme action. ENZYMES Products: substances resulting from enzyme action.

Substrate(s) + Enzymes Product(s)

Enzymes Co-enzymes/co-factors: Vitamins and minerals that help enzyme by keeping it in ACTIVE form.

Enzymes Lock and Key – Enzymes are like a key that can ONLY fit a certain lock or substrate.

Enzymes Binding site: site that holds the enzyme and the substrate together.

Enzymes Active site – site on an enzyme molecule directly responsible for the chemical change.

Find FOUR factors that affect enzymes. Pages 78 new

ENZYMES Denature: Irreversible alteration of the shape of a protein. (destroying structure)

DIGESTIVE TRACT ANATOMY

DIGESTIVE TRACT ANATOMY Two names: Alimentary canal and G.I. tract

Incisors, Canines, Premolars and Molars. ORAL CAVITY Color Code. Teeth only. Page 391 new Incisors, Canines, Premolars and Molars.

Oral cavity = Mouth Responsibilities: Physical and chemical breakdown, lubrication, and sensory

ORAL CAVITY Ingestion: Take it in Vs. Mastication: Chewing

Physical: Mechanical (Teeth) Vs Chemical: Enzymatic (Saliva) ORAL CAVITY Physical: Mechanical (Teeth) Vs Chemical: Enzymatic (Saliva)

Teeth

TEETH 32 permanent 20 deciduous- baby teeth

For biting, cutting, shearing TEETH A. Incisors: 8 For biting, cutting, shearing

TEETH B. Canines (Cuspids): 4 For tearing

TEETH C. Premolars: 8 Used for crushing

TEETH D) Molars: 12 Grinding and crushing

Structure of teeth

Color code the tooth on page 4. Label a-k. (392)

Label the CROWN, NECK, and ROOT found on the tooth

A). Enamel: Hardest substance in body, covers crown. Tooth A). Enamel: Hardest substance in body, covers crown.

B) Dentin: Bone like odontoblasts Tooth B) Dentin: Bone like odontoblasts

C). Cementum: Binds tooth into socket.

E. Pulp: nerves, blood vessels Tooth E. Pulp: nerves, blood vessels

J. Gingiva: Gums that surround the bases of teeth

Bacterial Infection of the Gingiva

K. Periodontal membrane: ligament-holds the tooth in place

There are ____ permanent teeth There are ____deciduous (Baby) teeth. Tooth Side note: There are ____ permanent teeth There are ____deciduous (Baby) teeth.

TONGUE Color code the mouth on the bottom of page 4. Color b, c, d, e, f, and k.

Tongue

TONGUE Is highly muscular. Speech, taste Swallowing Forms BOLUS

Bolus: Ball of food that is ready to be swallowed. TONGUE Bolus: Ball of food that is ready to be swallowed.

Frenulum: Membrane that attaches tongue to bottom of mouth.

Salivary Glands

3 pairs of salivary glands Produce 1-1.5 liters of saliva per day.

Release saliva, (salivary amylase) Salivary Glands Accessory organ Release saliva, (salivary amylase)

Gland = secretion producer Exo= outside, Salivary Glands Exocrine gland: Gland = secretion producer Exo= outside,

Parotid Gland= Large near the ear Salivary Glands Parotid Gland= Large near the ear

Sublingual Gland= below tongue Salivary Glands Sublingual Gland= below tongue

Submandibular = below jaw Salivary Glands Submandibular = below jaw

Anterior roof of the mouth, made of bone Hard Palate Anterior roof of the mouth, made of bone

Posterior roof of mouth Soft Palate Posterior roof of mouth

Cleft Palate

What in the world is the Uvula? Soft palate What in the world is the Uvula?

Uvula: Closes nasal passage Helps to make sound Snoring, piercing?? Soft palate Uvula: Closes nasal passage Helps to make sound Snoring, piercing??

Soft palate Palatoglossal arch: Arch connecting to uvula and comes down by the tonsils.

Disorders

Cavities or caries A hole in the enamel

Cavities or caries

Inflammation of the gums Gingivitis Inflammation of the gums

Periodontitis Inflammation of the periodontal membranes; severe gingivitis; results in bone/tooth loss

Mumps Inflammation of the salivary glands.

Colorless bacteria stuck on teeth Plaque Colorless bacteria stuck on teeth

Yellowish hard build up, contains bacteria Tarter Yellowish hard build up, contains bacteria

Halotosis Bad breath

Dumb, but made me laugh