“Bone Structures”

“Bone Structure” The skeleton has 206 bones Two basic types of bone tissue 1. Compact bone Dense and heavy 2. Spongy bone Small needle-like pieces of bone Many open spaces and lightweight Figure 5.2b Slide 5.3 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone 3. Diaphysis Shaft Composed of compact bone: (dense and heavy) 4. Epiphysis Ends of the bone Composed mostly of spongy bone: (contains holes and is lightweight) Figure 5.2a Slide 5.6 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Structures of a Long Bone 5. Periosteum Outside covering of the diaphysis Fibrous connective tissue membrane 6. Arteries Supply bone cells with nutrients 7. Nerves: Tells the bone when it is injured Initiates the healing process Figure 5.2c Slide 5.7 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Structures of a Long Bone 8. Articular cartilage Covers the external surface of the epiphyses Decreases friction at joint surfaces Figure 5.2a Slide 5.8a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Structures of a Long Bone 9.) Medullary cavity Cavity of the shaft Stores bone marrow 10.)Yellow Bone Marrow Stores lipids/fats 11.) Red Bone Marrow creates blood cells Figure 5.2a Slide 5.8b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Types of Bones

“Types of Bones” A.) Long bones Typically longer than wide Have a shaft with heads at both ends Spongy bone at the ends (epiphysis), Compact bone in the middle (Diaphysis) Examples: Femur, humerus Slide 5.4a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Types of Bones B.) Irregular bones Irregular shape Do not fit into other bone classification categories Example: Vertebrae and hip Slide 5.5b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Types of Bones C.) Flat bones Thin and flattened Usually curved Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum Slide 5.5a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Types of Bones D.) Short bones Generally cube-shape Contain mostly spongy bone Examples: Carpals, tarsals Slide 5.4b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings