Chapter 1o Jackson’s Presidency

Regions of the U.S.- Early 1800’s North --Economy = manufacturing - Support for tariffs (This would raise the price of British goods and keep American goods at a lower price) South --Economy = agriculture -Against tariffs (Southerners imported manufactured goods and wanted to keep them at a low cost) West --Economy = EMERGING! - Support for internal improvements and the sale of cheap land Tariff of Abominations : term used by Southerners who HATED tariff!

Tariff = Tax on Imported Goods

Nullification Crisis- A State’s Rights Debate Vice President John C. Calhoun supported southerners against tariffs Calhoun argued that Congress should not favor one state or region over another. (Sectonalism…Tariffs favored the North) States’ Rights Doctrine- the belief that since states formed the national gov’t, state power should be greater than federal power. - States should be able to NULLIFY (rejec t) any federal law they think is unconstitutional Jackson disagrees with the V.P. ... Calhoun resigns from V.P. – becomes S.C. senator

South Carolina Threatens to SECEDE! S.C. tries to pass Nullification Act- to declare the tariff nullified (cancelled) S.C. threatens to withdraw from the Union if federal troops try to collect tariffs S.C. Legislature votes to form their own army JACKSON WAS ENRAGED!!!!! Compromise made to Slowly lower the tariff

War against Bank Jackson strongly disliked the Bank of the United states. Controlled by rich easterners Chartered by Congress but run by private bankers. Didn’t like paper money…thought gold and silver only. Bank is run by Nicholas Biddle…..came from a wealthy Philly family.

1832 election Jackson vetoed the bill to renew the National Bank’s Charter . Many folks supported Jackson’s veto and he WON the election!! Then he withdrew all government funds from bank and refused to sign new charter. Bank closed.

King Andrew: political cartoon Reasons for being called KING ANDREW… Nullification issue with S.C. Closed the National Bank Native American issue Used more vetoes than all presidents before him combined

Panic 1837 1836 election: Van Buren (Jackson’s V.P.) against the Whigs (new party). Martin Van Buren wins because the Whig party couldn’t decide on one candidate. 1837- US entered a severe economic depression- due to Andrew Jackson’ ( his predecessor’s) policies land values dropped Banks closed Businesses closed Cotton at very low price Van Buren believed in laissez-faire.

Election 1840 Whig: William Henry Harrison and John Tyler (Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!). Used Log Cabin as symbol to gain support from Westerners and farmers.

Tyler’s Presidency Inauguration Day 1841: seriously cold. Harrison wore no coat or hat and gave a long speech. Died of pneumonia 32 days later….shortest term of any president! John Tyler now president.

WhIg Power Declines Tyler was a Whig but used to be a Democrat….he vetoed many bills proposed by Whigs in Congress. His cabinet resigned, Whigs did not have a unifying goal…more regional. The party declines. Election 1844….Whig Henry Clay loses to Democrat James Polk.