The Era of Good Feelings to the Jacksonian Era 1814-1840 Students will explain how the economic development of the North and South will lead to a division of the United States

Notes Question Imagine you are President James Monroe. You have just defeated Britain in the War of 1812. What would you do to stop future entanglements with European nations? Write down your ideas on your notes.

Era of Good Feelings President James Monroe- his presidency will be defined by three decisions. 1. Purchase of Florida 2. Monroe Doctrine 3. Missouri Compromise

Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution- is the change from slow hand made expensive goods, to cheaper faster machine made products 1. Large Scale Factories Develop 2. Mass Production- the production of goods in large quantities 3. First to Begin- Great Britain who tries to keep its secret from the world 4. First Begins in America- New England in the area of clothing production

Eli Whitney Changes the South and America Forever Eli Whitney- Cotton Gin and Interchangeable Parts A machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from the seeds. Impact of the Cotton Gin- This allowed slavery in the south to become economically viable. Before the Cotton Gin it was becoming too expensive to maintain the slave system

Two Different Economies Factory Kingdom- manufacturing becomes the backbone of the North because soil is poor making farms small Slavery- not widely needed and is abolished by 1804. King Cotton- with the invention of the Cotton Gin, cotton explodes and becomes huge and profitable Demand- The North needs cotton for its factories; Great Britain needs cotton for its factories Slavery- the rise in slavery directly reflects the rise in cotton production

Henry Clay’s American System American System- designed to promote the nation’s economic growth 1. Protective Tariffs- would promote American manufacturing. 2. The Second National Bank- provides a national currency 3. Transportation Improvements- building of roads and canals to link the country together and promote growth a. Erie Canal and National Roads built to link the country.

Monroe Doctrine & Florida Acquisition it stated clearly that Europe was to not interfere (colonization/empires) in the areas of North and South America and in return we would not bother in European Affairs. This became the cornerstone of US Foreign Policy, and still is the cornerstone today. Adams-Onis Treaty Line Spain cedes Florida to US for $5 Million, in exchange for some territory in what is today southern Texas. Everything south-west of the Adams-Onis Treaty Line belonged in Spanish possession.

Adams – Onis Treaty Line

Missouri Compromise The issue- since the late 1790’s when states entered the Union there was always a balance between Northern and Southern states 1. Slavery- Even though the North had more representatives the South was equal in the Senate and could block any anti-slavery laws 2. New States- Missouri was the 1st state to apply from the Louisiana Purchase, both groups wanted this area to go with their cause, tip the balance of power 3. Tallmadge Amendment- introduced by a representative of N.Y. it would have gradually eliminated slavery in the state- southerners upset seeing it as the 1st step to eliminating slavery. Passed the House, but defeated in the Senate.

Missouri Compromise cont’d…. Henry Clay’s Missouri Compromise- 1. Missouri admitted as a slaveholding state 2. Maine admitted as a free state 3. Slavery prohibited north of 36 30’ in the Louisiana Territory Aftermath- saved the Union for 30 years but never answered the problem of slavery, because of this violence will be the only answer to the question.

Democratization 1. Extension of voting rights to all adult white males, not just property owners. 2. People gained a greater voice in presidential elections. Death of “King Caucus” A Caucus is a closed meeting of party leaders who selected the presidential and vice-presidential nominees for their party. When Republicans became the dominant party in the era of Jeffersonian Republicanism, in effect a handful of congressman chose the President of the United States. 3. Fracturing of one-party system and the emergence of a strong two-party system.

Election of 1824 Caucus system of nominating candidates completely discredited. Four Republican Candidates campaigned- John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, and William Crawford. Jackson won the most popular votes, but did not get the majority of the electoral college votes. The House of Representatives had to choose between the top three candidates. Who did NOT make the cut??

Election of 1824 Cont’d… John Quincy Adams wins- Henry Clay, who did not make the cut, uses his influence as Speaker of the House to get Adams elected President. Corrupt Bargain- Clay appointed Secretary of State by Adams- Jacksonians call this a “corrupt bargain”, and feel Andrew Jackson was cheated out the Presidency.

Election of 1828 Adams vs. Jackson Common Man - Jackson refers to himself as the common man vs. Adams northern elitist ways. Easily wins in a landslide. Basically an Adams-Jackson rematch, as many of the Crawford and Clay supporters followed Jackson. Mudslinging- this is the first presidential race in which the parties use rumors and lies to attack each other Democratic Party - Jackson wing of the Republican party split and took the name Democratic party.

Andrew Jackson “Old Hickory” & “The People’s President” The first president from the West and the second without a college education. “Kitchen Cabinet”- close friends of Jackson who help make decisions about America, the cabinet has no power Simple political ideas Man of the people Union first, states’ rights second Traditionalist- see this as the beginning of mob rule of the United States Spoils System- Jackson removed any non-Democrats from government offices and appointed loyal Democrats

Indian Removal Act 1830 The issue- White settlers wanted “prime” Native American lands, Jackson supported removing them to allow settlers to claim their lands The Act- For $5 million and land in the West, Native Americans are forced by Jackson to give up their traditional homelands, most sent to Oklahoma. Worcester vs. Georgia- Supreme Court rules that Georgia has no power within Cherokee lands. “Marshall made the decision, now let him enforce it”- Andrew Jackson Trail of Tears- In 1838 The U.S. Army forces 15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia and walk to Oklahoma. Along the way they are robbed by the Army and criminals, there to escort them but not protect them. Over 4,000 die on this journey

Nullification Crisis The issue- Britain floods the U.S. with cheap goods, U.S. raises tariff- V.P. John Calhoun calls it the Tariff of Abominations 1828 -Says the North prospers at the expense of the South (Cotton was cheap) Nullification Theory- idea created by Calhoun it states three ideas 1. States had a right to decide to obey federal laws or declare them unconstitutional 2. Constitution is a compact between the states and Federal government 3. States have the right to secede from the Union if they are denied nullification

Webster – Hayne debate Famous debate that lasted nine days in 1830. Webster argued that no state had the authority to nullify of leave the Union. Hayne condemned the Tariff of 1828 and championed states’ rights and the south

Nullification Cont’d… South Carolina- their legislature declares the Tariffs unconstitutional and threatens to secede from the Union if the tariffs are not overturned Force Bill- Jackson get Congress to approve the use of the Army and Navy against South Carolina and tells them nullification and secession are treason Compromise- Henry Clay gets everyone to agree to reduce the tariff over the next 10 years- eases tension

The Bank Wars Clay & Webster- they bring up re-upping the National Bank to get Jackson to veto it and have him lose support for the election of 1832. Biddle and U.S. Bank- He is the director of the bank and very arrogant. Jackson accuses the bank of helping only the rich and it was unconstitutional. He veto’s its extension Election 1832- Jackson wins easily and the “common man” agrees with him that the Bank only helps the rich and is corrupt Pet Banks- Jackson pulls Federal money out of the U.S. Bank and transfers them to friendly state “pet” banks. This will lead to a collapse of credit in America, inflation and finally a depression in 1837

Supreme Court Boosts National Powers Gibbons vs. Ogden- federal government controls interstate commerce McCulloch v. Maryland- state cannot overturn laws passed by Congress Dartmouth College v. Woodward- state cannot interfere with contracts

The Legacy of the Jacksonian Democracy Nominating Conventions- In the 1830s, caucuses were replaced by nominating conventions in which party politicians and voters would gather to nominate the party’s candidates. Popular Election- In the Election of 1832, only South Carolina used the old system by which presidential electors were chosen by the state legislature. Campaigning- Presidential candidates now had to conduct national campaigns. Large political parties were needed to organize them.

Jacksonian Legacy Cont’d… Third Parties- In addition to the two large national parties (at this time, they were the Democrats and the Whigs), smaller political parties developed (i.e. the Anti-Masons and the Workingmen’s party.) The Federalist party dies out after losing several elections. State and Local- A larger number of state and local officials were elected rather appointed.