Sentence Structure Sentence Types
Sentence Structure Sentence Types
Sentence Types Simple Compound Complex
Basic Elements of Every Sentence SUBJECT PREDICATE
Basic Elements SUBJECT PREDICATE Mary plays tennis.
SIMPLE SENTENCE SUBJECT PREDICATE Mary plays tennis. one subject one predicate
Simple Sentence Tom and Mary play tennis. Compound Subject &
Simple Sentence Tom and Mary play tennis and swim. Compound Subject Compound Predicate & &
SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject Tom and Mary play tennis.
SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject and compound predicate Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.
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SIMPLE SENTENCE with compound subject and compound predicate Tom and Mary play tennis and swim. No comma before “and” in compound subjects and predicates!
Compound Sentence with Coordinating Conjunctions SUBJECT PREDICATE and SUBJECT PREDICATE
Compound Sentence Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS FOR AND NOR BUT OR YET SO
COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis. Clause 1 Clause 2 Independent Independent
COMPOUND SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis. Comma before “and” in compound sentences!
COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS MOREOVER HOWEVER OTHERWISE THEREFORE
COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich. Clause 1 Clause 2 Independent Independent
COMPOUND SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich. Note: Semicolon before conjunctive adverb and comma after conjunctive adverb!
Conjunctive Adverbs “float” Conjunctive adverbs are sometimes called “floating” adverbs because they can be positioned at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a clause.
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: AT THE BEGINNING Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: IN THE MIDDLE Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: IN THE MIDDLE Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich. Note: Place commas before and after a conjunctive adverb in the middle!
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: AT THE END Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB: AT THE END Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover. Note: Place a comma before a conjunctive adverb at the end!
Semicolons “If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main clauses is very close and obvious without a conjunction, you can separate the clauses with a semicolon” (Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361).
COMPOUND SENTENCE: SEMICOLON Matt has benefited from his exercise program; he is slim and energetic.
Complex Sentence SUBJECT PREDICATE even though SUBJECT PREDICATE
Complex Sentence Bob is popular even though he is ugly.
COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS EVEN THOUGH WHEN BECAUSE UNLESS WHEREAS ADVERB CLAUSES
COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS Bob is popular even though he is ugly. Clause 1 Clause 2 Independent Dependent
COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular. Clause 1 Clause 2 Dependent Independent
COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS Bob is popular even though he is ugly. When the MAIN clause is first, it is usually NOT followed by a comma!
COMPLEX SENTENCE: SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular. When the ADVERB clause is first, it is followed by a comma!
Compound-Complex Sentence Mike is popular because he is good looking, but he is not very happy.
COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE: COMBINES BOTH TYPES Mike is popular because he is good looking, but he is not very happy. Punctuate each clause according to its rules!
Punctuation Review!
My friends and I play tennis and go bowling every weekend. SIMPLE SENTENCE My friends and I play tennis and go bowling every weekend. No commas before “and” in compound subjects and predicates!
COMPOUND SENTENCE: Coordinating Conjunction Men may exercise harder, but they may not exercise as regularly as women do. Comma before coordinating conjunction!
Semicolon before conjunctive adverb Comma after conjunctive adverb! COMPOUND SENTENCE: Conjunctive Adverb Native and nonnative English speakers have different needs; however, some schools fail to distinguish between these groups. Semicolon before conjunctive adverb Comma after conjunctive adverb!
Conjunctive Adverb--in the middle COMPOUND SENTENCE: Conjunctive Adverb--in the middle Native and nonnative English speakers have different needs; some schools, however, fail to distinguish between these groups. Semicolon after first independent clause-- Commas before and after conjunctive adverb!
Conjunctive Adverb at the end COMPOUND SENTENCE: Conjunctive Adverb at the end Native and nonnative English speakers have different needs; some schools fail to distinguish between these groups, however. Semicolon after first independent clause-- Comma before conjunctive adverb!
People had continuous moderate COMPLEX SENTENCE: Adverb Clauses--Subordinating Conjunction People had continuous moderate exercise when they had to hunt for food. When main clause is first, it is not usually followed by a comma!
COMPLEX SENTENCE: Adverb Clauses--Subordinating Conjunction When people had to hunt for food, they had continuous moderate exercise. When the adverb clause is first, it is followed by a comma!
References Writing Academic English, Second Edition, by Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue. White Plains: Addison, Wesley, Longman, 1999. The Little, Brown Handbook, by H. Ramsey Fowler and Jane E. Aaron, Pearson, 2004.