World War II: The Homefront What changes did World War II bring for women? For African Americans? For Japanese Americans? For Mexican Americans? In what ways did government agencies help the war efforts in the United States? Women in war: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGp93ijzok4 African Americans: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A1b5mEGmlxE Japs: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k6gSShuQCUE Navajo Code Talkers: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rSvm3m8ZUA

The “Big Picture”… To win the war, the United States needed to draw on all its resources, including its people For many groups, this opened up new opportunities that had not existed before the war Prejudices still existed….

World War II: Women Rosie the Riveter Recruitment of Women (video) June 25th 1941, Roosevelt signed Executive Order 8802, opening jobs and training programs to all “without discrimination because of race, creed, color or national origin Congress of Racial Equality (non violent protests that started the Civil Rights movement)

Jim Crow laws…

World War II: The Homefront Executive Order 8802 (advice from Phillip A. Randolph) Jim Crow Laws still existed in the South 1942: founding of Congress of Racial Equality Recruitment of African Americans (video) June 25th 1941, Roosevelt signed Executive Order 8802, opening jobs and training programs to all “without discrimination because of race, creed, color or national origin Congress of Racial Equality (non violent protests that started the Civil Rights movement)

Mexican Americans By 1944, about 17,000 Mexican Americans held jobs in Los Angeles shipyards-3 years before, none had worked there The Bracero Program: provided food, transportation, shelter for thousands of “braceros”, Mexican farm laborers brought to the US to fill the labor shortage

Mexican Americans In Los Angeles, many young Mexican Americans donned outfits called "zoot suits”… Zoot suiters were often the target of roaming soldiers, who saw them as looking "un-American"

Zoot suit riots…

Japanese Americans On Feb 19th, 1942, FDR signed Executive Order 9066, authorizing military zones to “remove any and all persons” from these zones About 110,000 Americans were “interned”, or confined in camps in the US Supreme Court in Korematsu vs United States ruled this legal under “executive privilege” Most lost homes and businesses when they were interred.

Conditions were not homey Families were forced to live in barracks with little privacy

War Productions Board Mechanical pencils  bomb parts Bedspread manufacturer  mosquito netting Soft drink manufacturer  filled shells with explosives “Liberty ships” built in 4 days by industrialist Henry J. Kaiser Henry Ford – jeeps, trucks, tanks (last civilian car -’42 Pontiac)

Office of Price Administration Rationing: butter, sugar, oil, fuel, wool, flour, canned foods (tin), coffee, shoes, meats hard or impossible to get: chocolate, nylons (used nylon for parachutes), butter, some spices, cheese, cigarettes, candy bars, things containing rubber, linens (used flour sacks in place of dish towels). People grew “victory gardens”!

Office of War Information Wartime propaganda proliferated every country. Most of it was simplistic, exaggerated, vicious, and sometimes, amusing…

#1

#2 We Can Do It! Artist: J. Howard Miller Produced for: The War Production Co-coordinating Committee

#3 Stamp 'em out : Buy U.S. stamps and bonds / T.A. Byrne. Byrne, Thomas A., artist. CREATED/PUBLISHED La. : WPA War Services of La., [between 1941 and 1943] SUMMARY Poster encouraging purchase of war stamps and bonds to support the war effort, showing faces of Hitler, Mussolini, and Hirohito. NOTES Date stamped on recto: Jan 21 '43. Work Projects Administration Poster Collection (Library of Congress). http://www.library.northwestern.edu/govpub/collections/wwii-posters/img/ww1647-72.jpg

#4 http://www.openstore.com/posters/ http://www.library.northwestern.edu/govpub/collections/wwii-posters/img/ww1647-37.jpg

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#7 http://www.openstore.com/posters/sacrific.jpg

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http://www.worldwar.nl/leaflets/german/liberator%20groot.jpg #9

The softcover publication was produced in Moscow in early 1945. #10 The softcover publication was produced in Moscow in early 1945. http://www.apcpapercollect.com/propaganda.htm

#11 http://www.library.northwestern.edu/govpub/collections/wwii-posters/img/ww0207-72.jpg

Title: "This world cannot exist half slave and half free" : fight for freedom! Date: 1942. Agency: United States. Office of Facts and Figures. http://www.library.northwestern.edu/govpub/collections/wwii-posters/img/ww0207-55.jpg #13

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#15 http://www.openstore.com/posters/sake.jpg

#16 http://www.worldwar.nl/leaflets/german/reichswehr%20groot.jpg http://www.library.northwestern.edu/govpub/collections/wwii-posters/img/ww0207-03.jpg http://www.library.northwestern.edu/govpub/collections/wwii-posters/img/ww1645-28.jpg

#17 http://www.library.northwestern.edu/govpub/collections/wwii-posters/img/ww1647-65.jpg http://www.library.northwestern.edu/govpub/collections/wwii-posters/img/ww0207-51.jpg

#18 http://www.openstore.com/posters/hasten.jpg

#19 http://www.openstore.com/posters/murder.jpg