INTRODUCTION to FLUID MECHANICS Engr Saeed A Maitlo Lecturer Institute of Biomedical technolgy LUMHS ,Jamshoro.

CONTENTS Introduction. Fundamental Concepts of Fluid Mechanics . Fluid Statics. Fluid Dynamics.

Introduction The first study about fluids from Archimedes(BC 285-212).He developed some calculating methods using buoyancy of water, but real development is in Renaissance. In fluid mechanics,Leonardo daVinci(1452-1519) made important development.He found continuum equation,nozzle flows… In frictionless flow,the most important developers are Daniel Bernoulli(1700-1782), Leonar Euler(1707-1783),Joseph-Louis Lagrange(1736-1813), and Pier Simon Laplace(1749-1827). Obsorne Reynolds(1842-1912) improved of the experiment classical tube (1883) so he found pure numbers,it’s most important for fluid mechanics.

Henri Navier(1785-1836) & George Stokes(1819-1903) are add to frictionless terms to the Newtonian flows, so all flows analyze application to be succesfull and also they found momentum equations,today it is known Navier – Stokes Equation.

Fundamental Concepts of Fluid Mechanics Fluid mechanics is the study of how fluids move and the forces on them. (Fluids include liquids and gases.) Fluid mechanics can be divided into two. Fluid statics. Fluid dynamics. fluid statics, the study of fluids at rest. fluid dynamics, the study of fluids in motion.

Fluid mechanics, especially fluid dynamics, is an active field of research with many unsolved or partly solved problems. Fluid mechanics can be mathematically complex. Sometimes it can best be solved by numerical methods, typically using computers.

A modern discipline, called Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), is devoted to this approach to solving fluid mechanics problems. Also taking advantage of the highly visual nature of fluid flow is Particle Image, an experimental method for visualizing and analyzing fluid flow. Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics which deals with the properties of fluids, namely liquids and gases, and their interaction with forces.

Fluid Statics All fluid and gas conditions one of the fluids.Fluid statics is examine to stable fluids pressure and force.Stable fluids to be exposed just pressure and gravity force. Pressure : Which force is effect to perpendicular the unit surface,called Pressure. Mathematically : P = F / A.

Density : The density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol of density is ρ (the Greek letter rho). Mathematically : ρ = m / v Different materials usually have different densities.

Compressible Flow : It changes, depends on density (ρ),pressure and temperature.Such as : gases Incompressible Flow : Density (ρ) is constant.Such as : fluids When all the time derivatives of a flow field vanish, the flow is considered to be a Steady flow. Otherwise, it is called Unsteady. Whether a particular flow is steady or unsteady, can depend on the chosen frame of reference.