THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Exercise Science

Bell Work Vocabulary: Define using the red book Blood vessels Artery Vein Capillary Heart Lungs Circulatory system

Standard Create an infographic to identify gross heart anatomy and physiology and related cardiac conduction and circulatory pathways.

Objective By the end of class, student will be able to Recognize main functions of the heart Identify the 4 chambers of the heart and the 4 heart valves Interpret the meaning of heart sounds and blood pressure

Anatomy Blood Vessels - arteries, veins, and capillaries are all blood vessels. Arteries – carry blood away from the heart Veins – Carry blood back to the heart Capillaries – Tiny blood vessels, where exchange of materials occurs, connects an artery and a vein. Lungs: organs that take in oxygen from the air and remove carbon dioxide from the body.

Key Terms Pulmonary – means anything dealing with the lungs Cardiac – means anything dealing with the heart Heart: a muscular organ that pumps blood to the lungs and the body.

Physiology Also known as Cardiovascular System Carries blood around the body Transports nutrients and oxygen to cells all over the body Transports wastes (urea, carbon dioxide, salt) to excretory organs It is composed of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels

The Heart Muscular organ Size of a closed fist Weighs 12-13 oz Location – thoracic cavity, pericardial cavity within the mediastinum

CARDIOLOGY A PERSON’S HEART WILL BEAT APPROXIMATELY 100,000 TIMES A DAY, EVERY DAY IMAGINE TRYING TO SQUEEZE A TENNIS BALL 70 TIMES A MINUTE…..THAT IS WHAT YOUR HEART DOES EVERYDAY Why do you think your heart rate increases during exercise?????

FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART Pump blood through arteries, capillaries and veins Blood transports oxygen and nutrients Heart is the pump that keeps blood circulating properly

Structure Hollow, muscular, double pump that circulates blood At rest = 2 oz blood with each beat, 5 qts./min., 75 gallons per hour Ave = 72 beats per minute 100,000 beats per day PERICARDIUM – double layer of fibrous tissue that surrounds the heart MYOCARDIUM – cardiac muscle tissue, forms 4 chambers ENDOCARDIUM – smooth inner lining of heart SEPTUM – partition (wall) that separates right half from left half

Apex of Heart Lowest tip of the organ that points downward at the base, forming what almost looks like a rounded point. Strongest beat can be heard and even felt here!!! Stethoscope – instrument used to hear the heartbeat

Structure Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava – bring deoxygenated blood to right atrium Pulmonary artery – takes blood away from right ventricle to the lungs for O2 Pulmonary veins – bring oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium Aorta – takes blood away from left ventricle to rest of the body

Chambers and Valves SEPTUM divides into R and L halves Upper chambers – RIGHT ATRIUM and LEFT ATRIUM Lower chambers – RIGHT VENTRICLE and LEFT VENTRICLE Four heart valves permit flow of blood in one direction

VALVES Tricuspid – 3 flaps or cusps – prevents backflow into R atrium Pulmonary – 3 flaps – prevents backflow into R ventricle Mitral (bicuspid) – 2 flaps – prevents backflow into L atrium Aortic – prevents backflow into L ventricle

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART The heart is a double pump PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART The heart is a double pump. When the heart beats… Right Heart Deoxygenated blood flows into heart from vena cava  right atrium  tricuspid valve  right ventricle  pulmonary semilunar valve  pulmonary artery  lungs (for oxygen) Left Heart Oxygenated blood flows from lungs via pulmonary veins  left atrium  mitral valve  left ventricle  aortic semilunar valve  aorta  general circulation (to deliver oxygen)

BELL WORK 10-10-17 Write on a piece of paper the 4 chambers of the heart and the 4 valves of the heart in order of blood flow. Please turn in when finished

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Valve Replacements Mechanical Biological Metal valves Blood usually sticks to metal – have to take blood thinning medications Biological Can be from human (cadaver) or animal (pig, cow, horse) Do not have to take blood thinning medications May need to be replaced

Heart Valves

CORONARY ARTERIES SUPPLY THE MYOCARDIUM WITH OXYGENATED BLOOD BLOCKAGE OR INFARCT OF ONE OF THESE ARTERIES CAUSES A MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI) Left main artery – called “widow maker”

CARDIAC CYCLE Creates Heart sounds Heard through stethoscope “LUB-DUB” sound 1st sound – longest and loudest (closure of AV valves) 2nd sound – closure of aortic and pulmonary valves If valves do not close properly – you will hear an extra sound called a heart murmur

Heart Rate Measured in beats per minute Normal Heart Rate Adults – 60-100 Abnormal Heart Rates <60 BPM – Bradycardia >100 BPM – Tachycardia Your heart rate is: 70 BPM (70 beats per minute)

Heart Rate State if normal, bradycardia, tachycardia 176 BPM 44 BPM

THE CARDIAC CYCLE SYSTOLE – CARDIAC CONTRACTION THE BLOOD IS FORCED OUT OF THE HEART TO THE LUNGS FOR OXYGENATION AND TO THE BODY FOR CIRCULATION (CONTRACTION) DIASTOLE – CARDIAC RELAXATION THE BLOOD IS RETURNED TO THE HEART FROM THE LUNGS AND THE BODY (RELAXATION)

Blood Pressure Measured in mmHg (milimeters of mercury) Normal Blood Pressure Range 120-140/60-90 Systolic – pressure when your heart beats (top number) Diastolic – pressure when your heart relaxes between beats (bottom number)

Blood Pressure High blood pressure, AKA HYPERTENSION >140/90 mmHg Hypertension Low blood pressure, AKA HYPOTENSION <100/60 mmHg Hypotension

Blood Pressure Blood pressure readings: State if normal, hypertensive or hypotensive 165/98 mmHg 78/44 mmHg 128/76 mmHg 220/126 mmHg 132/88 mmHg

Objective By the end of class, student will be able to Recognize main functions of the heart Identify the 4 chambers of the heart and the 4 heart valves Interpret heart sounds and blood pressure