Objectives: SWBAT Differentiate fontanel, suture and sinus Take Notes! Differentiate fontanel, suture and sinus Draw and label the sternum Draw and label the vertebral column Discuss the disorders r/t the vertebral column

Divisions of skeletal system Axial Main trunk of body Skull Spinal column Ribs Breast bone Appendicular Composed of the extremities Shoulder girdle Arm bones Pelvic girdle Leg bones

Draw and label the parts of the skull

List the cranial bones and the location and # of each List the facial bones and location and # of each Define: fontanel, suture, foramina

The cranium (made of 8 bones) surrounds and protects the brain skull Cranial bones The cranium (made of 8 bones) surrounds and protects the brain 1 frontal 2 parietal 2 temporal 1 occipital 1 ethmoid 1 sphenoid Facial bones (14) 1 mandible (lower jaw) 2 maxilla (upper jaw) 2 zygomatic (cheek) 2 lacrimal (inner aspect of eye) 5 nasal 2 palatine (roof of mouth)

Fontanels and sutures Fontanels- “soft spots” allows for enlargement of skull as brain development occurs (closes at around 18 months old) Sutures- areas where the cranial bones have joined together

Sinuses- airspaces in skull that provide resonance of the voice Sinuses and foramina Sinuses- airspaces in skull that provide resonance of the voice Foramina- opening in bone to provide passage of nerves and vessels

sternum Sternum (“breastbone”) has (3) sections: Manubrium Gladiolus Xiphoid Process During CPR, compressions are given on the sternum

Vertebrae The spinal column is composed of 26 vertebrae which protect the spinal cord and support the head and trunk. Intervertebral Disks separate the vertebrae and act as shock absorbers and allow bending and twisting of the vertebral column. Cerv- = neck Thorac- = chest Lumbar= waist Coccyx= tail bone What is a ruptured disk? Why do EMTs and Paramedics hold “c-spine”? Where is an epidural or lumbar puncture administered?

Spinal Curvatures Types Scoliosis= s-shaped; side to side Kyphosis= “hunchback”; thoracic Lordosis= Lower Back; lumbar; “swayback” Cause Poor posture, congenital (@ birth) defect, malnutrition, degeneration of the vertebrae Treatment Therapeutic exercise, firm mattress, brace, surgical repair

Ribs (12 pair of ribs & 12 thoracic vertebrae) True ribs 7 pair Attach directly to sternum False ribs 5 pair 2 of the 5 pair are “floating” and only attach to dorsal vertebrae 3 pair attach to the superior rib Ribs= costae Ribs attach to the sternum via costal cartilage to form a cage which protects the heart and lungs

Cerv- = neck Thorac- = chest Lumbar= waist Coccyx= tail bone Costae= ribs How do these terms relate to the vertebral column and ribs? How can we remember and differentiate ethmoid and sphenoid???

Bring a poster board to class tomorrow Bring a poster board to class tomorrow. The activity will be a quiz grade!