Research in the Free-Fall Environment Canada has established itself as a vital partner in international efforts to establish a permanent human presence in space. November 5, 2004 Dr. Marcus Dejmek Program Scientist, Physical Sciences

Canadian Space Station Program Development of the Mobile Servicing System (MSS) MSS Operations Program ISS Utilisation Program: Life Science Physical Science In exchange for Canada's contributions to the ISS, Canada has gained the rights to use up to 2.3% of non-Russian laboratories and crew time aboard the ISS.

ISS Utilization Program Promotes the utilization of Canada's allocation of 2.3% of the non-Russian ISS research facilities. Life Science Program Bone demineralization (decalcification), muscle atrophy, human vestibular system, countermeasures! Physical Science Program http://www.space.gc.ca/asc/eng/resources/publications/pr-2004.asp

Physical Science Program Advance the knowledge of basic physical and chemical processes in the reduced-gravity environment Science driven Microgravity Aircraft: Falcon-20, DC-9/KC-135/AirbusA300B. Space Station volume allocation – return on investment Furnace, Fluid science, and protein crystallization science module development ESA Fluid Science Laboratory allocation Russian collaboration with an isolation mount http://www.space.gc.ca/asc/eng/resources/publications/pr-2004.asp

Physical Science Disciplines Materials Science includes studies of fundamental issues in solidification, crystal growth, diffusion and materials processing. Fluids Science includes studies into the motion, or structure, of fluids in response to external forces. Combustion includes studies of soot formation, flame propagation, flame geometry, and rate of chemical reaction. Biotechnology involves studies into the structure and behavior of organic, non-living materials, which includes protein crystallization. http://www.space.gc.ca/asc/eng/resources/publications/pr-2004.asp

Quantify the Physical Sciences The isolated dendrite Glicksman et al. 1996.

Vibration Environment in Free-Fall 5 10 15 20 25 30 50 Time (Seconds) Acceleration (g) 2 Hertz Cutoff Mean Removed -25 -50

Vibration Isolation Mount MIMBU ATEN Express Rack MIM Units (1996): 1st unit: $500K 2nd unit: 1M 2004: $5M

Advanced Thermal Environment (ATEN) Furnace Multi-purpose Automated Compact Low power User- friendly Easy access to ground units Low vibration environment Tele-operated Cost: $5M

Containerless Processing on ISS Containerless Processing System Specifically Engineered and Commissioned for the ISS - delivered to NASA October 2002 Able to position large objects, up to 7.0 cm in diameter Capable of producing high-T products without interactions with container walls Can be operated in microgravity or in lunar gravity (with smaller samples) Specifically but not exclusively designed as a containment system for Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS) reactions at high temperature Versatile and adaptable for Education and Outreach Instrumented for Experimentation Verification Thermal, Gas and Imaging analysis Imaging Sample Preparation Currently Done on Ground Evolve toward preparing samples on ISS or Moon or Mars

SpaceDRUMS Facility Cost: $12M USD Operates in an EXPRESS Rack Designed to operate on ISS over long periods with minimum astronaut support Controlled from ground operating the equipment and making functional changes by simple ground-based software commands Instrumentation includes: Temperature measurement up to 2500°C Video data in visible (CCD) and thermal infrared Triple containment for safety Independent modular construction with standard connectors; each unit can be shared by other ISS payloads Cost: $12M USD

Microgravity Vibration Isolation System on FSL (MVIS) In exchange for CSA contribution, Canada will have access to 5% of ESA Fluid Science Laboratory (FSL) MVIS will isolate the experimental portion of FSL (FCE) from the ISS station vibrations Experimental container Cost: $10M

Spending for the CSSP Spending for SPS ISS Utilisation represents 1.4% of total spending Numbers in $ millions

Cost Breakdown Science contracts: $75K/yr for 4 years X ~25 contracts = $2.25M Hardware development: ~$5-10M / yr. Must plan for this. Operations of the Falcon-20: $150K / yr Salaries: ~130K/person (employee with a Ph.D. actually sees one quarter of this amount)

Future Spending Canadian Fluid Science Experiment (~$10M) Canadian PCG Experiment (PROSPECT ~$10M) Increase the Number of Canadian Concept and Feasibility Studies (~$2.25M/yr) Establish Student Parabolic Flight Campaigns (up to ~500K / yr) Establish Canadian Research Teams (~$2-3M/yr) – avoid criticizm of past results. Establish a Canadian drop shaft. Challenge is how to fund it. (~$2M / yr) Pay for Launch costs to ISS (Russia, Europe) while Shuttle RTF and after. (~$20,000 / kg)

Enjoy the challenge of filtering through the opinions of each presenter CSA looks forward to your recommendations stemming from your afternoon deliberations! Keep in mind the Science Rationale – why do we go into space? Thanks to everyone who have challenged this presentation. (Kendall, Tryggvason, Casgrain, Buckley, Persad.)