International Journal of Surgery Hydroethanolic Pistacia atlantica hulls extract improved wound healing process; evidence for mast cells infiltration, angiogenesis and RNA stability  Mohammad Reza Farahpour, Navideh Mirzakhani, Jamal Doostmohammadi, Mahmood Ebrahimzadeh  International Journal of Surgery  Volume 17, Pages 88-98 (May 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.03.019 Copyright © 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Histological feature of experimentally-induced wound on 3 after surgery. A) control-sham, B) 1.5% pistachio-treated, C) 3% pistachio-treated and D) 5% pistachio-treated. Note the higher magnifications for granulation tissue; Well formed granulation tissue and decreased edema is presented in 5% pistachio-treated group, (Masson-trichrome staining, 400× & 600×). FN: fibrinoid necrosis, ED: edema, S: scab. International Journal of Surgery 2015 17, 88-98DOI: (10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.03.019) Copyright © 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Histological feature of experimentally-induced wound on 14 after surgery. A) control-sham, B) 1.5% pistachio-treated, C) 3% pistachio-treated and D) 5% pistachio-treated. Note the newly generated epidermis in control-sham that is completed in 3 and 5% pistachio-treated group. Faint edema remained in deeper dermis of the 1.5% pistachio-treated group, while is significantly limited in 5% pistachio-treated group. Complete layers of the epidermis are generated in 3 and 5% pistachio-treated groups. See the regular basement membrane cells and the spinosume cellular layer. Papilla is completely generated after 14 days in 5% pistachio-treated group. No edema is detectable in 3 and 5% pistachio-treated groups, (Masson-trichrome staining, 400× & 600×). EP: epidermis, De: dermis, D.De: deeper dermis, BL: basement layer, Sp: spinosume stratum, Kr: keratin. International Journal of Surgery 2015 17, 88-98DOI: (10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.03.019) Copyright © 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Histological feature of experimentally-induced wound on 21 after surgery. Fluorescent staining for RNA and Collagen with RGB image plot for red and green reactions in 600 μm for A) control-sham, B) 1.5% pistachio-treated, C) 3% pistachio-treated and D) 5% pistachio-treated. Note increased collagen synthesis accomplished with enhanced RNA content in 3 and 5% pistachio-treated groups. E: epithelium, Co: collagen, F: hair follicle. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) International Journal of Surgery 2015 17, 88-98DOI: (10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.03.019) Copyright © 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Micro vessels distribution per one mm2 of the tissue in different days and different administrated doses, all data are presented in Mean ± SD. Note: a, b, c, d, e, f are presented significant differences between marked groups. International Journal of Surgery 2015 17, 88-98DOI: (10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.03.019) Copyright © 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Mast cells distribution in different groups; PAO enhanced mast cells distribution more prominently on day 7 after wound induction. All data are presented in Mean ± SD and P < 0.05 considered as significant difference. Note: a, b, c presented significant differences between marked data. International Journal of Surgery 2015 17, 88-98DOI: (10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.03.019) Copyright © 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Fluorescent photomicrograph for mast cells distribution 7 days after wound induction; A) control, B) 1.5% PAO-treated, C) 3% PAO-treated and D) 5% PAO-treated. Note dose dependently increased mast cell distribution (head arrow) enclosed to vessels (arrows) in treated groups, (Fluorescent staining for mast cells, 400×). International Journal of Surgery 2015 17, 88-98DOI: (10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.03.019) Copyright © 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Pistachio atlantica hulls hydroethanolic extract-induced early wound healing process. International Journal of Surgery 2015 17, 88-98DOI: (10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.03.019) Copyright © 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited Terms and Conditions