Avo Ots telekommunikatsiooni õppetool,

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Presentation transcript:

Avo Ots telekommunikatsiooni õppetool, SIDE IRT 3930 3-1-0, 3.5AP E Avo Ots telekommunikatsiooni õppetool, TTÜ raadio- ja sidetehnika instituut avo.ots@ttu.ee kõnetunnid: T. k15.00, N. 14.00 II-416

SIDE loeng 22 Paketi sisu

Arvutiside Host1 Host2 Host3 Lüüs Gateway, Router Teine arvutivõrk

Kuidas kasutad ping’i Vaja teda pingida Kas arvuti 193.40.252.36 on ühendatud võrku? Vaja teda pingida Milline füüsiline aadress vastab sellele IP aadressile (ARP=Address Resolution Protocol)? Kas ping läheb (ICMP=Internet Control Message Protocol)?

1. ARP päring

2. ARP päringu vastus

3. Ping päring

4. Ping vastus

Traceroute Kuidas pääseb arvuti www.eenet.ee juurde? Selleks traceroute Milline IP aadress vastab nimele www.eenet.ee? Selleks DNS päring oma DNSi serverile Millisele MAC aadressile ping pakett saata? Kuna see IP asub teises IP võrgus, siis saata marsruuteri MAC aadressile Alustame traceroute’ga

DNS query (MAC) Frame number : 3 Frame timestamp: 13:18:24.549702 Frame length : 76 bytes MAC: MAC: Header Type : Ethernet MAC Header MAC: Source Address : 00:50:da:df:15:e8 MAC: Vendor / Broadcast : unknown MAC: Destination Address : 00:00:a2:cb:33:47 MAC: Vendor / Broadcast : Wellfleet MAC: Type / Length : 0x0800 - Internet Protocol (IP) MAC: Frame Status : good MAC: Additional information :

DNS query (IP) IP: IP: Header Type : IPv4 Header IP: Version : 4 IP: Header Length : 5 x 32 bit (20 bytes) IP: Type Of Service (TOS) : 0x00 IP: Precedence : 0 IP: Name : routine IP: minimize delay : 0 (unset) IP: maximize throughput : 0 (unset) IP: maximize reliability : 0 (unset) IP: minimize monetary costs : 0 (unset) IP: Total Length : 58 bytes IP: Identification : 0x8D32 IP: Fragmentation: Offset : 0 (8 byte units) IP: Fragmentation: DF : 0 (unset) IP: Fragmentation: MF : 0 (unset) IP: Time To Live (TTL) : 128 IP: Protocol : 17 IP: Name : UDP - User Datagram Protocol IP: Header Checksum : 0x3025 IP: Status : good IP: Source IP Address : 193.40.252.38 IP: Destination IP Address : 193.40.254.227 IP: IP Options present : no

DNS query (UDP) UDP: UDP: Header Type : UDP Header UDP: Source Port : 1306 UDP: Service : UDP: Destination Port : 53 UDP: Service : domain UDP: Length : 38 UDP: Checksum : 0xC957 UDP: Status : good

DNS query (DNS) DNS: DNS: Header Type : DNS Header DNS: Identification : 0x0001 DNS: Flags : DNS: Operation : 0 DNS: Name : Query DNS: Query Type : 0 DNS: Name : standard query DNS: Authoritive Answer : no DNS: Truncated Message : no DNS: Recursion desired : yes DNS: Recursion available : no DNS: Primary Server requested : no DNS: Unused Bit : 0 DNS: Response Code : 0 DNS: Name : no error DNS: No. of Question Entries : 1 DNS: No. of Answer Entries : 0 DNS: No. of Authority Entries : 0 DNS: No. of Resource Entries : 0 DNS: Query Section : DNS: Domain Name : www.eenet.ee DNS: Type : 1 DNS: Name : A - host address DNS: Class : 1 DNS: Name : IN - Arpa Internet

DNS vastus Siin üteldakse, et www.eenet.ee on kanooniline nimi, st talle vastab veel 1 nimi vvv.EENet.ee, millele vastab IP aadress 193.40.0.4. Edasi räägitakse, millised DNS serverid seda kinnitavad ...

Alustame Traceroute Saadame aadressile 193.40.0.4 ICMP echo request paketi TTL=1 ja ootame vastust.

Traceroute (2) Tuleb vastus esimeselt marsruuterilt 193.40.252.254 TTL sai 0 Saadame veel 2 korda sama TTL=1 päringu, saame veel 2 samasugust vastust.

Traceroute (3) Pärime DNSist järgi, kes see meile vastas Meie nimeserver vastab, et see oli BLN.ttu.ee

Traceroute (5) TTL=2, 3 korda, vastust ei saa … TTL=15, 3 korda, vastust ei saa TTL=251, 1 kord, vastust ei saa Vastust ei tulnud, järelikult www.eenet.ee ei ole meie võrgust kättesaadav, sest järgmine marsruuter pärast 193.40.252.254 teel arvutini www.eenet.ee pole kättesaadav. :(

Traceroute töötavale arvutile Kõik sammud nii nagu eelmise TTL=1 korral: 3 korda proovib sama TTLi ja siis küsib DNSilt, kes vastas. Suurendab TTLi numbrit Lõpus meie näitel kui TTL=5 jõuab pakett sihtarvutini:

Traceroute töötavale arvutile (2) Sihtarvuti ise vastab ICMP vastusega 3 korda, kuna 3 päringut saadeti.

Traceroute töötavale arvutile (3) Küsija jääb rahule

Www Tahaks veebi vaadata, võtan Netscape, trükin sinna www.ttu.ee Paketid hakkavad jooksma ...

Www (2) Vajalikud nimed ja aadressid olid teada Klient (minu arvuti) palub TCP ühendust serveri pordiga 80 Server annab ühenduse 3 paketti vahetatud

Www (3) päring Klient saadab lihtsa HTTP päringu Server ütleb, et sai päringu kätte

Www (4) päringu vastus Server saadab küsitud faili sisu, 3 paketti. Kui klient faili ei nimeta, siis server valib ise, millist faili saata, kui oskab Klient saadab eraldi kinnitused iga paketi kättesaamise kohta ja palub ühenduse lõpetada. Kliendi programm teab, misasjad freimid on ja jätkab pärimist uue TCP ühendusega.

Www (5) Klient pärib faili ylemine.html Server annab talle selle (2 paketti) Klient kinnitab iga paketti.

Www (6) Klient küsib faili alumine.html Saab selle Selgub, selle sees ka freimid Ja nii edasi, kuni kõik käes.

Www (7) Vaatame statistikat Kõige rohkem on pakette pikkusega 64 B, sest saadetakse palju kinnitusi Järgneb 1025-1518 B pikkuste pakettide hulk - hea, sest sai palju kasulikke andmeid vahetatud Vähe kasutatakse ARPi, sest arvuti peab hiljuti ARPi kaudu küsitud aadresse natuke aega meeles Www kasutamine ei koorma võrku palju