How do we get such a variety of stuff?

What’s all matter made of?

ATOMS! CAN YOU TELL ME WHAT TYPE OF ELEMENT THIS IS?

ATOMS! CAN YOU TELL ME WHAT TYPE OF ELEMENT THIS IS? ARGON (Ar) How many valence electrons do Argon atoms have?

ATOMS! CAN YOU TELL ME WHAT TYPE OF ELEMENT THIS IS? ARGON (Ar) How many valence electrons do Argon atoms have? 8

ATOMS! CAN YOU TELL ME WHAT TYPE OF ELEMENT THIS IS?

ATOMS! CAN YOU TELL ME WHAT TYPE OF ELEMENT THIS IS? Silicon (Si) Is this a metal, non- metal or semi-metal metalloid?

ATOMS! CAN YOU TELL ME WHAT TYPE OF ELEMENT THIS IS? Silicon (Si) Is this a metal, non- metal or semi-metal metalloid?

ATOMS! How many valence electrons do Silicon (Si) atoms have?

ATOMS! How many valence electrons do all elements in group 14 have? How many valence electrons do Silicon (Si) atoms have? 4 How many valence electrons do all elements in group 14 have?

ATOMS! How many valence electrons do all elements in group 14 have? 4 How many valence electrons do Silicon (Si) atoms have? 4 How many valence electrons do all elements in group 14 have? 4

Our universe has only 118 different types of atoms...ELEMENTS

And really only the first 92 or so are naturally available (the rest we made in supercolliders)

If the periodic table only has 92 natural building blocks for every solid, liquid & gas in our universe, How do we get such a variety of stuff? = METALS 1 H 1.0 = NON-METALS = SEMI-METAL METALLOIDS CAN ACT LIKE METALS OR NON

LIKE KOALAS

TECHNOLOGY?

WEIRD TYPES OF VEGETABLES ???? How do we get such WEIRD TYPES OF VEGETABLES ????

How do we get such a variety of stuff? All that FINE THREADS you wear! How do we get such a variety of stuff?

Most matter is a molecular mixture of the first 92 elements.

Most matter is a molecular mixture of the first 92 elements Most matter is a molecular mixture of the first 92 elements. Mostly THESE 12 elements.

except for one group of elements group __ (noble gases), Most atoms combine with other atoms….

NOBLE GAS GROUP 18! Why don’t group 18 atoms combine into different molecules?

NOBLE GAS GROUP 18 Why don’t group 18 atoms combine into different molecules? They CAN’T fit any more electrons on their outer ring.

except for group 18 (noble gases), Most atoms combine with other atoms to form molecules… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4wveY2- lCo Let’s see how oxygen does it.

PROTONS & NEUTRONS IN THE CENTER OR ELECTRONS ORBITING? WHAT PART OF THE ATOM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR HOOKING UP ATOMS INTO MOLECULES? PROTONS & NEUTRONS IN THE CENTER OR ELECTRONS ORBITING?

Orbiting electrons (-) ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR COMBINING ATOMS/ELEMENTS INTO near infinitE types of MOLECULES!

But they have the power to create NEW MOLECULAR MATTER!. Electrons(-) jump between atoms easily, because they orbit on the outside of each atom. But they have the power to create NEW MOLECULAR MATTER!.

AND NOT JUST ANY ELECTRONS

VALENCE Orbiting electrons (-) ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR COMBINING ATOMS/ELEMENTS INTO near infinitE types of MOLECULES!

anytime 2 or more atoms combine their valence electrons (-), they form a molecule.

Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell molecules bond BASED ON THEIR VALENCE ELECTRONS…TO GET TO FULL OUTER SHELLS. G1 G2 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 G18 p Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell no molecules here

FORM MOLECULES 1:1 SO EASY molecules bond BASED ON THEIR VALENCE ELECTRONS…TO GET TO FULL OUTER SHELLS. G1 G2 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 G18 p Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell no molecules here THAT’S WHY GROUPS 1 & 17 FORM MOLECULES 1:1 SO EASY

ATOMS/ELEMENTS IN ALKALI GROUP 1 ARE EAGER TO GIVE AWAY THEIR 1 DINGLEBERRY VALENCE ELECTRON. ATOMS/ELEMENTS IN HALOGEN GROUP 17 ARE HUNGRY HIPPOS FOR GETTING THAT ONE VALENCE ELECTRON THEY NEED TO FILL THEIR OUTER SHELL!

GROUP 16 NEEDS 2 ELECTRONS TO FILL THEIR OUTER VALENCE SHELLS. Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell no molecules here HOW MANY ATOMS FROM GROUP 1 WILL THIS TAKE?

GROUP 16 NEEDS 2 ELECTRONS TO FILL THEIR OUTER VALENCE SHELLS. Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell no molecules here HOW MANY ATOMS FROM GROUP 1 WILL THIS TAKE? 2:1

THAT’S WHY ELEMENTS/ATOMS IN GROUP 1 AND GROUPS 16 MOLECULARLY COMBINE IN 2:1 RATIOS LIKE WATER (H2O) AND HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S).

WHEN THESE TWO GROUPS MAKE A MOLECULE, THEY SHARE DOUBLE ELECTRONS Groups 16 needs 2 electrons while group 2 wants to give away 2 electrons…perfect! G1 G2 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 G18 p Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell no molecules here WHEN THESE TWO GROUPS MAKE A MOLECULE, THEY SHARE DOUBLE ELECTRONS

SO, A MOLECULE LIKE CALCIUM OXIDE (CaO) IS MADE WHEN ONE ATOM OF CALCIUM SHARES ITS 2 ELECTRONS WITH ONE ATOM OF OXYGEN. This is known as a DOUBLE BOND! O Ca

HOW MANY ELECTRONS DO ATOMS IN GROUP 14 NEED? molecules bond BASED ON THEIR VALENCE ELECTRONS…TO GET TO FULL OUTER SHELLS. G1 G2 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 G18 p Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell no molecules here HOW MANY ELECTRONS DO ATOMS IN GROUP 14 NEED?

HOW MANY ELECTRONS DO ATOMS IN GROUP 14 NEED? 4 molecules bond BASED ON THEIR VALENCE ELECTRONS…TO GET TO FULL OUTER SHELLS. G1 G2 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 G18 p Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell no molecules here HOW MANY ELECTRONS DO ATOMS IN GROUP 14 NEED? 4

LEWIS DIAGRAM WKSHEET…Creating molecules

Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell molecules bond BASED ON THEIR VALENCE ELECTRONS…TO GET TO FULL OUTER SHELLS. G1 G2 G13 G14 G15 G16 G17 G18 p Nobles (18) have a FULL outer shell no molecules here

continue…

REMEMBER the MOLECULES we built REMEMBER the MOLECULES we built? WE CAN CREATE NEARLY INFINITE MOLECULES OUT OF JUST 92 ELEMENTS!

REMEMBER the MOLECULES we built REMEMBER the MOLECULES we built? WE CAN CREATE NEARLY INFINITE MOLECULES OUT OF JUST 92 ELEMENTS! (by atoms sharing ________ electrons)

REMEMBER the MOLECULES we built REMEMBER the MOLECULES we built? WE CAN CREATE NEARLY INFINITE MOLECULES OUT OF JUST 92 ELEMENTS! (by atoms sharing valence electrons)

MOLECULES made of 2 OR more different elements are COMPOUNDS

How many lone atoms do we have here? How many MOLECULES DO WE HAVE HERE? How many COMPOUND MOLECULES do we have here?

How many lone atoms do we have here How many lone atoms do we have here? 6 How many MOLECULES DO WE HAVE HERE? How many COMPOUND MOLECULES do we have here?

How many lone atoms do we have here How many lone atoms do we have here? 6 How many MOLECULES DO WE HAVE HERE? 8 (6 different types) How many COMPOUND MOLECULES do we have here?

How many lone atoms do we have here How many lone atoms do we have here? 6 How many MOLECULES DO WE HAVE HERE? 8 (6 different types) How many COMPOUND MOLECULES do we have here? 7 (5 different ones)

Molecules made of 2 or more different elements are COMPOUNDS

Molecules made of 2 ormore different elements are COMPOUNDS

It has more than 1 type of element bonding together in a molecule. CASEY’S RULE: If a molecule has more than 1 capital letter, it’s a COMPOUND molecule! It has more than 1 type of element bonding together in a molecule.

Molecules made of 2 or more different elements are COMPOUNDS

99.9999% of the atoms in our body are combined into molecules...

99.9999% of the atoms in our body are combined into molecules... Most of our molecules are COMPOUND molecules. 7,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms

99.9999% of the atoms in our body are combined into molecules... MOSTLY H2O MOLECULES!

our molecules can get complex!

REALLY complex! This is a type of protein molecule

THE MOST COMPLEX MOLECULE – is your DNA molecules copied inside every cell nucleus in your body!

Chemists have a way to help keep track of all the different numbers & types of atoms in each molecule.

Chemical or molecular formulas tell us which elements & their exact numbers in each molecule CO2 H2 CH4

subscripts appear below each element to show the number of atoms OF EACH ELEMENT CONNECTED per molecule. O2 CO2 CH4

If there is no subscript after an element in a molecule it has just ONE. CO2 CH4

write the chemical or molecular formula for these big molecules in our bodies.

write the chemical or molecular formula for these compound molecules in our bodies. C33H30O4 C3H4O7P C4H9O6

Which ones are single atoms. Which ones are molecules of one atom Which ones are single atoms? Which ones are molecules of one atom? Which ones are compound molecules?

Argon, helium, krypton, xenon, and neon like to be alone Argon, helium, krypton, xenon, and neon like to be alone. group 18 remember!

GROUP 18 – the lazy NOBLE GASES do NOT normally FORM any MOLECULES. /atoms

how many molecules do we have below?

how many molecules do we have below? 5!

Of the 5 molecules below, which ones are ALSO compounds!

Of the 5 molecules below, which ones are ALSO compounds! 2!

You call it…