Secondary 3 midterm exam This exam will be written in class over 2 classes. It’s not a formal exam. It will cover everything we’ve talked about since September. We will spend a little bit of class time reviewing, and you will be given a list of topics that you need to review, but you are responsible for preparing yourself. Date of Exam: Thursday, January 25th (Day 6) Period 4 Friday, January 26th (Day 7) Period 1

Let’s review What carries oxygen everywhere in the body? What is the name of the protein that oxygen binds do in RBCs? What is the name of the hormone that triggers red blood cell production?

Let’s review What’s 120/80 mean? What’s the difference between an artery and a vein?

Pulmonary artery Aorta Pulmonary vein LA Left Ventricle Right ventricle

What’s in blood? You can find out the constituents of blood by taking a sample of blood and centrifuging it. This means you put it in a machine that spins it really fast.

Centrifuging blood separates it into visible layers Centrifuging blood separates it into visible layers. Draw this diagram in your notes. Use colour!

Blood Constituents Red blood cells (erythrocytes) These are the most abundant cells in our blood. They are produced in the bone marrow and contain a protein called hemoglobin that carries oxygen to our cells. They have no nucleus or organelles.

Blood Constituents White blood cells (leukocytes) They are part of the immune system and destroy infectious agents. These cells do have nuclei, and there are several different types. There are far less white blood cells than red blood cells.

Blood Constituents Platelets (thrombocytes) These are fragments of cells that clot together to seal wounds. This is called coagulation.

Blood Constituents Plasma This is the yellow fluid that contains hormones, nutrients, vitamins, and antibodies. It is mostly water.

Blood constituent ratio For every 600 red blood cells, there are:

Question to think about How do white blood cells protect you against infection?

Antigens are small molecules on your cells Antigens are small molecules on your cells. Our body recognizes our own antigens, and attacks ones we don’t recognize. Antibodies are produced by your plasma and white blood cells. They either neutralize a foreign body, or ”tag” it to be attacked. White blood cells engulf the foreign body and digest it. This process is called phagocytosis.

Phagocytosis