Verba Latina
Latina Verba quattuor partes habent. First Principal Part Is the first person singular, present tense form. E.g. amo - I love Second Principal Part Is the infinitive form. E.g. amare - to love
Third Principal Part Fourth Principal Part Is the first person singular, perfect tense form. E.g. amavi - I loved Fourth Principal Part Is the perfect passive participle. E.g. amatum - having been loved
How do you know what conjugation a verb belongs to? There are four verb conjugations. Look at the second principle part.
Look at the second principle part! First conjugation ending: -are Second conjugation ending: -ere Third conjugation ending: -ere Fourth conjugation ending: -ire
Normal Principle Part Endings First: -o, -are, -avi, -atum Second: -eo, -ere, -i, -um Third: -o, -ere, -i, -um Third-io: -io, -ere, -i, -um Fourth: -io, -ire, -ivi, -itum
To form the present tense... Remove -re from infinitive to form present stem. Add these personal endings for active: (m) / o -- mus s -- tis t -- nt Add these personal endings for passive: r -- mur ris -- mini tur --ntur
First and Second conjugations
Third conjugation In third conjugation, the short -e of the stem runs away. You are left with no vowel in the stem, so an “i” takes its place.
Third Conjugation -io Third conjugation is conjugated like fourth conjugation in that it has an -i in its present stem.
Third -io and Fourth Conjugations
Imperfect Tense The imperfect tense is used for ongoing actions that occur in the past. Use “was”/”were”, “used to” or “began to” in order to translate into English. The sign of the imperfect tense in Latin is always -ba-.
First and Second Conjugations
Third and Fourth conjugations In third and fourth conjugations, the short -e reappears before the -ba. In third -io and fourth conjugations, you have -ie- before the -ba.
Third and Fourth Conjugations
Future Tense The future tense is used to show future action. Use “will” to translate into English. The sign of the future tense in Latin is: -bo, -bi, or -bu in 1 and 2, -a or -e in 4 and 3.
First and Second Conjugations
Third and Fourth Conjugations
To form the perfect tense... Remove -i from the third principle part to form perfect active stem. Add these personal endings for active: i -- imus isti -- istis it -- erunt
Perfect Active amavi amavimus amavisti amavistis amavit amaverunt
To form the perfect tense... Put proper gender ending on fourth principle part according to gender of subject. (Singular: -us for masculine, -a for feminine, -um for neuter. Plural: -I for masculine, -ae for feminine, -a for neuter.) Use in conjunction with these forms of sum: sum sumus es estis est sunt
Perfect Passive
To form the pluperfect tense... Remove -i from the third principle part to form perfect active stem. Add these personal endings for active: eram -- eramus eras -- eratis erat -- erant
Pluperfect Active
To form the pluperfect tense... Put proper gender ending on fourth principle part according to gender of subject. (Singular: -us for masculine, -a for feminine, -um for neuter. Plural: -I for masculine, -ae for feminine, -a for neuter.) Use in conjunction with these forms of sum: eram eramus eras eratis erat erant
Pluperfect Passive
To form the future perfect tense... Remove -i from the third principle part to form perfect active stem. Add these personal endings for active: ero -- erimus eris -- eritis erit -- erint
Future Perfect Active
To form the future perfect tense... Put proper gender ending on fourth principle part according to gender of subject. (Singular: -us for masculine, -a for feminine, -um for neuter. Plural: -I for masculine, -ae for feminine, -a for neuter.) Use in conjunction with these forms of sum: ero erimus eris eritis erit erunt
Future Perfect Passive
To form the pluperfect tense passive Put proper gender ending on fourth principle part according to gender of subject. (Singular: -us for masculine, -a for feminine, -um for neuter. Plural: -i for masculine, -ae for feminine, -a for neuter.) Add these forms of sum: eram eramus eras eratis erat erant
Pluperfect Passive