State evolution in cold helium Rydberg gas

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Presentation transcript:

State evolution in cold helium Rydberg gas Max-Born-Institut State evolution in cold helium Rydberg gas S. Gerlach1, R. Jung2, G. von Oppen2, U. Eichmann1,2 1 Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Str. 2A, D-12489 Berlin 2 Institut für Atomare Physik und Fachdidaktik, Technical University Berlin, D-10623 Berlin Overview Cold metastable helium Rydberg atoms – experimental setup Why helium ? H-like system with very small quantum defect for l>0 light atoms : new effects through different dynamics „condensation effect“ : fast ions act as condensation seed for cold metastable helium Investigation : cold helium Rydberg gas at low density Excitation below ionisation threshold with and without electric fields Study the redistribution of a (n,l) state as a function of time Nd-YAG Laser (30Hz system, 10ns pulses) Dye laser (+ frequency doubling) switched field plate fast photo detector (Trigger) MCP (ion/electron detection) Data acquisition Logics +Ufp ~10ms UV-puls Delay l = 260 nm l = 1083 nm He*- MOT Properties of Helium Energy level of metastable helium with excitation scheme 160000 170000 180000 1083 nm gas discharge 389 nm Energy [cm-1] 190000 200000 260 nm Continuum 33S 33P 23P 23S 11S frequency doubled pulsed Dye laser : Rydberg excitation + Ion creation frequency doubled TiSa-Laser : Lasercooling laser diode (1083 nm) : MOT Helium Rydberg spectra in electric fields Increasing electric field Increasing delay times delay = 10 µs Stark l-mixing electric field of 10 V/cm Lasercooling of metastable helium He*-source (gas discharge) MOT transversal cooling - “Stark-Slower” - cooling section laser diode  = 1083 nm 1 meter Parameter of the He* MOT: number of atoms : ~ 106 density : 108-109 cm-3 lifetime : up to 900 ms temperature : ca 1 mK Above field ionization threshold Below field ionization threshold short time scales : all states detected long time scales : only long-lived (high l) states survive Helium Stark manifold short time scales : only low stark-states (not l=0!) medium times : all states detected long times : high l states (long lifetime) no s-states at short times! time resolved level redistribution with a puls ramp n-state lifetimes lifetime up to 1.5 ms Increased up to n~60 Decreasing over n~70 because of ionization Theoretical occupation outlook clarify the role of the permanent dipole(p- vs. s-states) higher density cloud with more atoms investigate collisional effects : three body recombination “condensation” plasma effects (back and forth helium Rydberg plasma)