Chapter 7 Section 2 Revolution Brings Reform & Terror Objective: Examine the political reforms in France & describe the Reign of Terror Vocabulary: Legislative Assembly, Émigré, Sans-Culotte, Jacobin, Guillotine, Maximilien Robespierre, & Reign of Terror

Setting the Stage The Nobles & officers of the Church were equally afraid of the Great Fear Some of the nobility decided to meet with the National Assembly & responded to the uprisings in an emotional late-night meeting What were the 3 Estates?

Check for Understanding Match the following Estates Nobles Church Everyone Else/Peasants 1st Estate 2nd Estate 3rd Estate

The Assembly Reforms France Nobleman spoke about their love of liberty & equality Motivated by fear, nobles joined other members of the National Assembly The National Assembly wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man & of the Citizen (1789) Commoners were now considered equal to the nobles & clergy ending the Old Regime Their ideas were influenced by the Declaration of Independence Liberty, Equality, & Fraternity The meeting happened on August 4th 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man & of the Citizen were influence by the Declaration of Independence A women published a declaration of the rights of women, her ideas were rejected, & she was executed being considered an enemy of the revolution. Who had the power within these declaration? What is a fraternity?

A State-Controlled Church The Catholic Church lost its lands & its political independence in France The sale of Church lands helped pay off some of France’s huge debt King Louis XVI pondered his fate as a monarch June 1791, the royal family tried to escape from France, however they were apprehended & returned to Paris under guard His failed attempted escaped sealed Louis’s fate The assembly took over Church lands Many peasants actually were upset about the assembly’s actions because they were devout Catholics Why would his attempted escape seal this fate of death?

Divisions Develop In September 1791, the National Assembly completed a new constitution King Louis XVI reluctantly approve the document, which created a constitutional monarchy The constitution created the Legislative Assembly – where they had the power to create laws However, the king still held executive power to enforce laws The creation of the constitution took 2 years Which branch of government similar to?

Check for Understanding Which Enlightenment Philosopher believed in the separation of power between different branches of government? Voltaire Locke Montesquieu Sentence starter: ________ was the enlightenment philosopher that believed in separation of power

Factions Split France Problems such as food shortages & government debt still remained Radicals in the Legislative Assembly wanted to get rid of the monarchy all together However, emigres (nobles) who fled France, hoped to restore the Old Regime Parisian workers & small shoe- keepers called sans-culottes wanted to bring greater changes to France The Legislative Group broke into 3 groups (Radicals, Moderates, & Conservatives)

War & Execution Monarchs & nobles in many European countries watched the changes taking place in France with fear Austria & Prussia urged the French to restore Louis to an absolute monarch The Legislative Assembly declared war against Prussia & Austria in April 1792

France at War Prussian forces were advancing on Paris Their commander threatened to destroy Paris if anything happened to the royal family In retaliation, a mob imprisoned Louis, Marie Antoinette, & their children The mob murdered over 1000 prisoners that were supporters of the king In 1792, the National Convention abolished the monarchy & France was declared a republic What is a republic? How do people vote?

Jacobins Take Control Most of the people involved in the governmental changes in September 1792 were members of a radical political organization, the Jacobin The National Convention had reduced Louis XVI’s role as a king to a prisoner Radical Jacobins, tried Louis XVI for treason & found him guilty On January 21, 1793, the former king was beheaded by the guillotine The most famous Jacobin Jean-Paul Marat called for the death of all those who supported the king Marie Antoinette was executed October 16th 1793 Her son died 2 years later at the age of 10

Check for Understanding A Republic is where citizens vote through A King Representatives Individually Sentence starter: A republic is where citizens vote through _____________________.

The War Continues The Convention continued the war against Prussia & Austria In 1793, Great Britain, Holland, & Spain joined Prussia & Austria against France To reinforce the French army, Jacobin leaders ordered a draft of French citizens By 1794, France’s army had grown from 300,000 to 800,000 & included women Everyone was drafted from the age of 18 to 40

The Terror Grips France Maximilien Robespierre slowly gained power His followers dramatically changed every aspect of French life, including the calendar Reign of Terror – period of time when Robespierre ruled France as a dictator People were tried in the morning & executed at night 40,000 people were executed during the reign of terror They removed Sundays since it was connected to the Church Georges Danton who was a leading figure in the early stages of the French Revolution was tried by Robespierre & he defended himself so skillfully that they denied him the right to speak

Check for Understanding Which item do you think most people were executed with in France? Sentence starter: The french used __________ to execute people in France.

End of the Terror Fearing for their own safety, some members of the National Convention turned on Robespierre The radical phase of the French Revolution ended on July 28 1794 with the execution of Robespierre Moderate leaders drafted a new plan of government