Robert Wood, Duli Chand, Tad Anderson University of Washington

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Presentation transcript:

Robert Wood, Duli Chand, Tad Anderson University of Washington Direct Radiative Effect of aerosols over clouds and clear skies determined using CALIPSO and the A-Train Robert Wood, Duli Chand, Tad Anderson University of Washington VOCALS RF04, 21 November 2008

Effect of aerosol layer on TOA SW radiation 0.0 0.9 0.99 0.999 DRE > 0 (warming) Single scattering albedo (approx) DRE < 0 (cooling) 00 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Surface albedo Coakley and Chylek (1974)

biomass burning aerosol above cloud stratocumulus clouds MODIS Aqua RGB (enhanced) 13 Aug 2006 SE Atlantic 500 km

Aerosol layers over clouds seen with CALIPSO over SE Atlantic Ocean (13 Aug 2006)

Direct radiative forcing for cloudy skies AEROCOM Models (Schulz et al. 2006) Direct radiative forcing for cloudy skies

Inter-model standard deviation of aerosol direct radiative forcing (AEROCOM, Schulz et al. 2006)

Retrieval methodology CALIPSO data, integrated attenuated backscatter at 532 and 1064 nm (g532 and g1064) Determine color ratio cwater = g1064/g532 from layers classified as cloud (z < 3 km) Unobstructed liquid clouds should have c = 1, and so deviations from this represent aerosols above clouds Use Beer-Lambert law to obtain AOD of aerosol layer: =1 Angstrom exponent

Depolarization ratio method (Hu et al. 2007) Use depolarization d of cloud layer, combined with its integrated attenuated backscatter g, to derive AOD of overlying layer Extinction to backscatter ratio for water clouds (19 sr)

Increasing Angstrom exponent

Cloud layer top heights

Angstrom exponent for layers above cloud

Aerosol optical depth for layers above cloud (by month 2006) June July August Sep Oct Nov

AOD and winds at 600 hPa

Radiative transfer model DISORT radiative transfer model Aerosol properties needed are AOD (from CALIPSO), single scattering albedo (w=0.85, Leahy et al. 2006), Angstrom exponent (CALIPSO), asymmetry factor (g = 0.62) Cloud properties are cloud optical depth and cloud effective radius (MODIS), and cloud fraction Ocean surface albedo = 0.06 Determine aerosol radiative effect for clear sky, cloudy sky, and all-sky (Jul-Oct 2006/2007)

Effect of aerosol upon radiative fluxes Absorption AOD DRE (TOA) Radiative forcing efficiency

RFE is determined primarily by cloud cover

Questions To what extent is inter-model variation in aerosol radiative forcing explained by variation in model cloud cover and thickness? Can we determine the regional/global mean effects of aerosols above cloud using CALIPSO/DISORT, and can this be used to constrain models? Passive remote sensing of aerosols above clouds using MODIS?