Second Edition BETH JOHNSON JANET M. GOLDSTEIN ADVANCED WORD POWER Second Edition BETH JOHNSON JANET M. GOLDSTEIN © 2011 Townsend Press

Unit Two: Chapter 6 • appall • kindle • cognizant • lavish • commiserate • ludicrous • expedient • negligent • hindrance • scrutinize Page 36 in textbook.

Appalling damage caused by a forest fire TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 appall – verb • At the end of World War II, the facts that emerged about the Nazi concentration camps and death camps appalled the entire world. • “When the facts about this awful crime are disclosed,” said the prosecutor, “they will appall you and show clearly that the defendant is a monster.” Appall means A. to appeal to. B. to shock. C. to bore. Page 36 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer. Appalling damage caused by a forest fire FEMA news photo

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 appall – verb Appall means A. to appeal to. Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 appall – verb • At the end of World War II, the facts that emerged about the Nazi concentration camps and death camps appalled the entire world. • “When the facts about this awful crime are disclosed,” said the prosecutor, “they will appall you and show clearly that the defendant is a monster.” Appall means A. to appeal to. B. to shock. C. to bore. Page 36 in textbook. Hearing for the first time about horrors of the concentration and death camps would shock anyone. Hearing about an awful crime committed by a “monster” would shock a jury. FEMA news photo

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 cognizant – adjective Cognizant means Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 cognizant – adjective • After a picnic in the woods, Shawn found a tick on his ankle and then developed a rash. Cognizant of the risk of Lyme disease, he saw his doctor right away. • Many Americans have diabetes without being cognizant of their condition. Cognizant means A. confused by. B. conscious of. C. careless about. Page 36 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 cognizant – adjective Cognizant means Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 cognizant – adjective • After a picnic in the woods, Shawn found a tick on his ankle and then developed a rash. Cognizant of the risk of Lyme disease, he saw his doctor right away. • Many Americans have diabetes without being cognizant of their condition. Cognizant means A. confused by. B. conscious of. C. careless about. Page 36 in textbook. Shawn must have been conscious of the possibility that he had Lyme disease since he sought medical care right away. Many Americans may not realize they have diabetes if they aren’t conscious of the symptoms and risk factors associated with the disease.

A sculpture of friends commiserating TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 commiserate – verb • Mom was disappointed with the widows’ support group. The members just wanted to commiserate with each other, but she wanted to learn about positive steps to take, not just get sympathy. • When my dog died, my friends tried to commiserate with me, but they didn’t really understand how I was feeling. Commiserate means A. to express sorrow. B. to draw a comparison. C. to complain. Page 36 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer. Photo: Matt Glaman A sculpture of friends commiserating

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 commiserate – verb Commiserate means Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 commiserate – verb • Mom was disappointed with the widows’ support group. The members just wanted to commiserate with each other, but she wanted to learn about positive steps to take, not just get sympathy. • When my dog died, my friends tried to commiserate with me, but they didn’t really understand how I was feeling. Commiserate means A. to express sorrow. B. to draw a comparison. C. to complain. Page 36 in textbook. If she got sympathy from the other widows, then they must have expressed sorrow for her loss. People would be likely to express sorrow for their friend’s loss. Photo: Matt Glaman

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 expedient – adjective Expedient means Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 4 expedient – adjective • Marty’s interest in Elaine seems entirely expedient; he knows she has money, and he wants to marry someone wealthy who will support him. • In order to sell his old car for the highest possible price, Jim did the expedient thing: he slapped a new coat of paint on it and didn’t mention that it needed new brakes and a new exhaust system. Expedient means A. unbelievable. B. admirable. C. self-interested. Page 36 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 expedient – adjective Expedient means Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 4 expedient – adjective • Marty’s interest in Elaine seems entirely expedient; he knows she has money, and he wants to marry someone wealthy who will support him. • In order to sell his old car for the highest possible price, Jim did the expedient thing: he slapped a new coat of paint on it and didn’t mention that it needed new brakes and a new exhaust system. Expedient means A. unbelievable. B. admirable. C. self-interested. Page 36 in textbook. Marty is acting out of pure self-interest: his only reason for marrying Elaine is her money. Jim was so self-interested that he used deception to sell his car, rather than mention its defective brakes and exhaust system.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 hindrance – noun Hindrance means A. a cause. Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 5 hindrance – noun • Some people seem perfectly willing to lie if the truth would be a hindrance to getting what they want. • Her tendency to faint at the sight of blood will be a hindrance to Tonya’s plan to become a nurse. Hindrance means A. a cause. B. an effect. C. a barrier. An athlete who’s overcome a hindrance Page 36 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer. Photo: Dept. of Veterans Affairs

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 hindrance – noun Hindrance means A. a cause. Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 5 hindrance – noun • Some people seem perfectly willing to lie if the truth would be a hindrance to getting what they want. • Her tendency to faint at the sight of blood will be a hindrance to Tonya’s plan to become a nurse. Hindrance means A. a cause. B. an effect. C. a barrier. Page 36 in textbook. When truth is a barrier to getting what they want, some people try to get around it by lying. Fainting at the sight of blood would be a barrier to becoming a nurse, since nurses often have to handle blood. Photo: Dept. of Veterans Affairs

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 kindle – verb Kindle means A. to stop. Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 6 kindle – verb • Before Tyrone joined the navy, Callie had thought of him as “just a friend.” But his warm, affectionate letters began to kindle her love for him. • The senator’s lifelong devotion to politics was kindled early, when she was elected president of her high-school senior class. Kindle means A. to stop. B. to inspire. C. to change. Page 36 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 kindle – verb Kindle means A. to stop. Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 6 kindle – verb • Before Tyrone joined the navy, Callie had thought of him as “just a friend.” But his warm, affectionate letters began to kindle her love for him. • The senator’s lifelong devotion to politics was kindled early, when she was elected president of her high-school senior class. Kindle means A. to stop. B. to inspire. C. to change. Page 36 in textbook. Warm, affectionate letters could inspire a woman to change her feelings from friendship to love. Holding office in high-school government could inspire a lifelong devotion to politics.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 lavish – adjective Lavish means Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 7 lavish – adjective • The lavish new offices looked very impressive, but behind all that splendor, the company was going broke. • Avery celebrated his promotion by taking his friends out for a lavish dinner. “The best of everything!” he told the waiter. “And it’s all on me.” Lavish means A. overly luxurious. B. subtle. C. amusing. Page 37 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer. White House Photo: Shealah Craighead A lavish setting for one of President Bush’s state dinners

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 lavish – adjective Lavish means Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 7 lavish – adjective • The lavish new offices looked very impressive, but behind all that splendor, the company was going broke. • Avery celebrated his promotion by taking his friends out for a lavish dinner. “The best of everything!” he told the waiter. “And it’s all on me.” Lavish means A. overly luxurious. B. subtle. C. amusing. Page 37 in textbook. The word splendor suggests that the offices were overly luxurious. Since Avery insisted on having “the best of everything,” the dinner was probably overly luxurious. White House Photo: Shealah Craighead

A ludicrous outfit for a dog TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 8 ludicrous – verb • Struggling in the wind and rain with my umbrella, which had turned inside out, while my dog tugged wildly at his leash and my bag of groceries burst and spilled, I must have been a ludicrous sight. • “Diet Tips from Space Aliens”; “Five-Year-Old Gives Birth to Basketball Team”; “Florida Floating Out to Sea”—no idea seems too ludicrous to be reported in the supermarket tabloids. Ludicrous means A. horrifying. B. ridiculous. C. inspiring. Page 37 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer. A ludicrous outfit for a dog

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 ludicrous – verb Ludicrous means A. horrifying. Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 8 ludicrous – verb • Struggling in the wind and rain with my umbrella, which had turned inside out, while my dog tugged wildly at his leash and my bag of groceries burst and spilled, I must have been a ludicrous sight. • “Diet Tips from Space Aliens”; “Five-Year-Old Gives Birth to Basketball Team”; “Florida Floating Out to Sea”—no idea seems too ludicrous to be reported in the supermarket tabloids. Ludicrous means A. horrifying. B. ridiculous. C. inspiring. Page 37 in textbook. Losing control of his or her belongings made the person feel ridiculous looking. These headlines are ridiculous because they describe impossible situations.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 negligent – adjective Negligent means Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 9 negligent – adjective • While Hester may be a negligent housekeeper—her apartment is dusty and untidy—she makes up for it by being a loving, conscientious mother. • It’s not surprising that Rich flunked out of college. His attitude toward studying has always been negligent. Negligent means A. anxious. B. amusing. C. careless. Page 37 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 negligent – adjective Negligent means Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 9 negligent – adjective • While Hester may be a negligent housekeeper—her apartment is dusty and untidy—she makes up for it by being a loving, conscientious mother. • It’s not surprising that Rich flunked out of college. His attitude toward studying has always been negligent. Negligent means A. anxious. B. amusing. C. careless. Page 37 in textbook. Dust and lack of tidiness are signs of careless housekeeping. A careless attitude toward studying often results in failing grades.

Scrutinizing a spacecraft before takeoff TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 10 scrutinize – adjective • The detectives scrutinized the crime scene for fingerprints and other clues. • Before handing in his report, Dan was told to scrutinize it for misspellings and other errors. Scrutinize means A. to inspect. B. to describe. C. to add to. Page 37 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer. Photo: NASA Scrutinizing a spacecraft before takeoff

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 scrutinize – adjective Scrutinize means Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 10 scrutinize – adjective • The detectives scrutinized the crime scene for fingerprints and other clues. • Before handing in his report, Dan was told to scrutinize it for misspellings and other errors. Scrutinize means A. to inspect. B. to describe. C. to add to. Page 37 in textbook. It is the job of detectives to inspect crime scenes for clues. It is important to inspect written work and correct errors before turning in a final copy. Photo: NASA