U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Program NOLES 2016 Briefing DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. UNCLASSIFIED 1

Counter Personnel/ Vessel Stopping Historical Backdrop Then Now Kent State Counter Personnel Vehicle Stopping Los Angeles Riots Counter Personnel/ Vessel Stopping Somalia

Reverting Back to the “New Normal” Non-Lethal Weapons Utility in Contemporary Operations 1996 to Present United Shield ‒ Somalia Bosnia and Kosovo Haiti OIF and OEF Reverting Back to the “New Normal”

Department of Defense NLW Definition “Weapons, devices and munitions that are explicitly designed and primarily employed to incapacitate personnel or material immediately, while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property and the environment. Non-lethal weapons are intended to have reversible effects on personnel or materiel.” Representative Mission Applications Vehicle/Vessel Stopping Clearing Structures/Facilities Urban Operations Check-Point/Convoy Security Crowd Control Facility Security Maritime Security Support to Civil Authorities Detainee Operations Non-Lethal Weapons: “Weapons, devices and munitions that are explicitly designed and primarily employed to incapacitate personnel or materiel immediately, while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property and the environment. Non-lethal weapons are intended to have reversible effects on personnel or material.” (DODD 3000.03E) United Shield - Somalia Bosnia and Kosovo Haiti OIF and OEF Middle Picture: U.S. Marines from India Battery, 3rd Battalion, 12th Marine Regiment, hold back civilians during the riot control portion of a noncombatant evacuation operation exercise at Camp Pendleton, Calif., Jan. 22, 2008. Marines with 3rd Battalion, 12th Marine Regiment provide security and process combatants during the exercise, which is designed to prepare the 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit for an upcoming deployment. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Cpl. Kevin N. McCall) (Released)

Escalation of Force EOF is defined as sequential actions that begin with nonlethal force measures (visual signals to include flags, spotlights, lasers, and pyrotechnics) and may graduate to lethal measures (direct action) to include warning, disabling, or deadly shots to defeat a threat and protect the force. EOF definition cited from - Escalation of force (EOF) Handbook: Afghanistan, No. 10-11, Dec 09 Defensive actions are defined as EOF procedures that terminate with successful employment of nonlethal means (hand-and-arm signals, colored flags, spotlights, pyrotechnics, or any other available resource). EOF procedures are not a substitute for but are a part of the rules of engagement (ROE). EOF is an aspect of the ROE that helps commanders and Soldiers apply ROE principles for self-defense, use of force, military necessity, proportionality, and unnecessary suffering.

Force Continuum “NLWs Provide Operating Forces Needed Capabilities” “Increasing RANGE increases OPTIONS” Target selected individuals Control group movements Secure without Destroying Clear personnel

Required Non-Lethal Capabilities Counter Personnel Tasks: Deny areas to individuals Move individuals Disable individuals Suppress individuals Counter Materiel Tasks: Stop/disable vehicles Stop/disable vessels Stop/disable/divert aircraft Deny access to a facility

Non-Lethal Potential Applications: Facility Security Detect Delay Deny Defeat Protection of Facilities, Embassies, Critical Infrastructure NL effects: Acoustic, Laser Dazzler, Blunt Trauma Munitions, Taser

Non-Lethal Potential Applications: Maritime Operations Detect Delay Deny Defeat Harbor, Port Security, Small Craft Interdiction, Anti-Piracy NL effects: Acoustic Laser Dazzler, Warning Munitions, Entangling Nets

Potential Application: Humanitarian Ops Food Distribution, Medical Supplies Distribution, Migrant Interdiction During humanitarian operations, the people that we are trying to help are often driven by hunger or a tremendous need for the medical supplies, water, or other items that we are providing. Crowds often rush the distribution sites causing an unsafe situation for both the recipients of the aid and the troops that are distributing the items. Various non-lethal systems could be used to help control these situations and prevent unnecessary injuries and deaths.

Non-Lethal Weapons in Use 12 Gauge / 40 MM Point, Area and Warning Munitions FN303 Optical Distractors Washable Paint Training Permanent Paint 66mm Vehicle Launched NL Grenades X-26 TASER Modular Crowd Control Munitions Flash Bang Grenades Portable Vehicle Arresting Barrier Vehicle Lightweight Arresting Device Stingball Grenades & Launch Cups Acoustic Hailing Devices Pen Flares Close-in, Kinetic/Non-Kinetic Effects

GG04 Stingball Grenade with Launch Cup NL Weapons, Munitions & Devices Range Overview METERS 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 200 300 400 600 1000 Joint Warning Munitions Shotgun Launched Stingball Grenade Precision Challenge Area GG04 Stingball Grenade with Launch Cup 12 GA Fin Stabilized Point Extended Range Marking Munition (Developmental) Point Max Rock Throwing Range Crowd Dispersal (Army) Area Taser Point FN303 FN303 Compressed Air Rifle Point Sponge Grenade (Army) Point Crowd Dispersal Area 40MM Joint Warning Munitions Airburst Non-Lethal Munition (Developmental) 150m (T) Point 350m (O) Blunt Trauma Flash Bang

NL Weapons, Munitions & Devices Range Overview METERS 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 200 300 400 600 1000 (Night time) LA-9/P Max Rock Throwing Range (Daytime) Dazzling Lasers Green Laser Interdiction System (Night time) (Daytime) Precision Challenge Area Modular Crowd Control Munition Area 60 Degree Dispersal Angle Venom 40MM Area MPM 66MM (Developmental) 500m (O) Area 150m (T) Invisible Millimeter Wave Directed Energy Beam Active Denial System Invisible Millimeter Wave Directed Energy Beam Solid State Active Denial System (Developmental) Blunt Trauma Flash Bang Active Denial Technology Optical

Airburst Non-Lethal Munition Effect Increase Duration, Non-Kinetic Near-Term Airburst Non-Lethal Munition 40 mm round for use in systems as the M203 grenade launcher Has a fuel enriched pyrotechnic payload, proximity airburst and selectable delay option fuse Designed to deny access into/out of an area to individuals, move individuals through and area and suppress individuals Potential to support multiple missions: Force protection Room Clearing/denial Crowd control Offensive and defensive operations Airburst Non-Lethal Munition Effect Increase Duration, Non-Kinetic

Increase Duration, Non-Kinetic Near-Term Commercial/Non-Developmental Item Fills the requirement for a non-damaging dazzling laser Employed during the escalation-of-force continuum to deliver a glare effect to warn and/or suppress targeted personnel from 10 meters to 500 meters Ocular Interrupter Greater light output and duration Improved environmental, health, and safety compliance Used as a counter-personnel tool to move/deny/suppress individuals in breaching and/or other non-lethal force operations Improved Flash-Bang Grenade Focused on a commercial solution Flash bang / diversionary grenade that has the capability to bang multiple times within an area to serve as a diversion / distraction Multi-Bang Flash-Bang Grenade Increase Duration, Non-Kinetic

Increase Range, Kinetic/Non-Kinetic Mid-Term Indirect Fire Munition (IDFM) 81mm Mortar Munition Program IDFM provides the following capabilities that do not currently exist: Based upon modification to current illumination mortar munition The ability to suppress (distract, disorient, and degrade) and mark potential threats, with an indirect fire non-lethal effect, at ranges greater than anything currently fielded. Successfully tested mortar to ranges 400m to 1,500m Ranges up to 4,200m being tested in 2016 ARDEC investigated and determined that it is feasible to incorporate the 81mm IDFM technology into a 60mm Mortar Cartridge Compatible with existing M224 60mm Mortar System Expected ranges similar to 60mm High Explosive (HE) Cartridges Designs similar to those tested in 81mm Non-Lethal IDFM Increase Range, Kinetic/Non-Kinetic

Future Counter-Personnel Millimeter Wave Active Denial Technology Directed Energy capability to deter potentially hostile personnel Provides several advantages over existing non-lethal capabilities including extended range Concept and Laboratory Testing (1989) Concept Demonstrator (2000) System 1 System 2 Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration Long Range (~1000m) Large Spot 1.5m (2002 – 2012+) Short/Med-range (~100 - 300m) and small-spot systems (2017 +) DoD Directed Energy Investment

Future: Counter-Personnel Active Denial System Advanced Concept Technology Demonstrator Proven Effects – 95 GHz effects Effective at long-ranges Compact ADT Demonstrate the same effectiveness in an operationally suitable configuration Develop a compact, lightweight second harmonic Gyrotron with a room temperature electropermagnet Solid State (SS) ADT Develop a compact, self-contained, NL SS-ADT demonstrator Significant reduction in size and weight Cost sharing effort between Army Research and Development Center and JNLWP DoD Directed Energy Investment

Future: Counter-Materiel Radio Frequency Vehicle and Vessel Stopper Directed Energy capabilities for stopping vehicles and vessels Provides several advantages over existing non-lethal capabilities with extended range, ability to hold vehicles immobilized until released, and safe and reversible effects A long-range compact single frequency system is available for vehicle and vessel stopping demonstrations Size/weight to allow integration onto multiple platforms Laboratory Breadboard SIZE: 1360ft3 WEIGHT: 9500 lbs FY08–FY11 Long Range Demonstrator SIZE: 895 ft3 WEIGHT: 9500 lbs FY12 SIZE: 358 ft3 WEIGHT: 7938 lbs FY 13 SIZE: 130 ft3 WEIGHT: 4260 lbs FY 14 SIZE: <130 ft3 WEIGHT: <4260 lbs Future DoD Directed Energy Investment

Directed Energy Investment Strengths Range Speed of delivery Precision engagement Controlled effects Logistics Weaknesses Size and weight Source Technology Power requirements Ruggedization Opportunity Directed Energy Lead Game changer Addresses multiple applications Threats Misperceptions Initial Prototype Costs Limited leverage New Battlefield effects Non-Lethal capabilities assist operating forces in minimizing civilian casualties and collateral damage

Demonstrators Distributed Sound and Light Array (DSLA) Acoustical and optical device Provides hailing and warning capabilities Combined effects of two integrated sensory stimulators Pre-Emplaced Electrical Vehicle Stopper (PEVS) Pre-emplaced, electric, direct injection system Non-lethally stop vehicles at significant keep-out ranges Reduces risk to personnel from vehicle-born IEDs RF Vehicle Stopper Fixed or Mobile 21

Demonstrators Pre-Emplaced Electrical Vehicle Stopper (PEVS) Pre-emplaced, electric, direct injection system Non-lethally stop vehicles at significant keep-out ranges Reduces risk to personnel from vehicle-born IEDs Non-Lethal capabilities assist operating forces in minimizing civilian casualties and collateral damage

Non-Lethal Weapons Summary Provide operating forces with escalation-of- force options while minimizing casualties and collateral damage Always have lethal force overwatch/back-up Help fill the gap between shouting and shooting Offer options across the full spectrum of conflict Non-Lethal capabilities assist operating forces in minimizing civilian casualties and collateral damage

QUESTIONS DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. UNCLASSIFIED