Patterns of Evolution & Speciation – Part 2

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Evidence of Evolution Evolution is a continuous process of gradual modifications or changes in organisms. Patterns of evolution can be detected by viewing.

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Presentation transcript:

Patterns of Evolution & Speciation – Part 2 pp. 304-309

Speciation Sometimes evolutionary changes within a population are so great that organisms can no longer interbreed with the original species = reproductive isolation When this happens it is called SPECIATION Remember: A species is a group of organisms which can breed with each other & producing fertile offspring.

Evidence of Evolution Homologous Structure Parts of the body that are similar in skeletal structure but have different functions

2. Vestigial structures Organs or parts that seem to have no useful function

3. Biochemical Evidence similar RNA & DNA; same amino acids More similarities are found in species that are more closely related Human & gorilla hemoglobin differ by one amino acid Human & frog hemoglobin differ by 67 amino acids

4. Embryological Development Embryos of different species develop in almost identical ways Indicate common ancestry

5. Fossil record Give us a time scale Shows similarities between extinct animals and animals alive today Debate about the speed of evolution because of gaps in the fossil record

Speed of Evolution

Option 1: Gradualism A model of evolution in which one species slowly & steadily evolves into another Proposed by Darwin

Option 2: Punctuated Equilibrium A model of evolution in which one species suddenly changes into another after a long stable period Occurs when niches are opened through: Mass extinction Migration into new environments Isolation of small populations