Water use and vulnerability water source vulnerability in terms of change in future volume and present biological quality Dan White Molly Chambers Water and Environmental Research Center

Present water use Community System Use (gpcpd) Limitation (shortages) Brevig Mission piped 46 Deering haul 7.9 storage Elim 72 Golovin 25 Nome 105 Shishmaref source + storage Teller 10 Wales 9.0 White Mountain 96

Future domestic water use 3% per year population growth 250 gallons per person per day 2% per year population growth 150 gallons per person per day * 1% per year population growth 100 gallons per person per day

Elim Creek Tubutulik Kwiniuk Iron Turner Baseflow conductivity med % Summer groundwater -- 23-40 74-77 90-91 Catchment area 547 59 3 E. coli (per 100 mL) 3.1 < 1 Vulnerability LOW MED Iron Creek

Seward Peninsula Water Resources Vulnerability factors Small watersheds Loss of perched surface water with loss of permafrost Low groundwater contribution Low groundwater conductivity Lack of treatment and storage infrastructure

Infrastructure impact Increased use Piped delivery Increased storage Increased resource Ability to use lower quality water through treatment

Project overview How water is changing….hydrology and permafrost How our water systems and sources are vulnerable, or at risk How folks value water, perceptions Local observations