CAESAR’S ENGLISH II Lesson 4

Latin Vocabulary Lesson 4 audible: able to be heard (AW-dih-bul) benevolent: charitable (ben-EH-vo-lent) somber: gloomy (SOM-ber) prostrate: lying flat (PROSS-trait) profuse: abundant (pro-FYOOS)

Audible – able to be heard (adj) Audible comes from the Latin word audiabilis which refers to anything that can be heard, but it often means something that is barely heard.

Audible – able to be heard (adj) In his 1954 Lord of the Flies, William Golding wrote that the “chant was audible but at that distance still wordless.”

Audible directional signage is invaluable to the sight-impaired.

Benevolent means charitable (adj) The English adjective benevolent comes from the Latin benevolens. To be benevolent means to be charitable, to be of good (bene) will (vol).

Benevolent means charitable (adj) Benjamin Franklin felt that “a benevolent man should allow a few faults in himself, to keep his friends in countenance.” What do you think Franklin meant by that?

Giving to charity to help those less fortunate is a mark of a benevolent person.

Somber means gloomy (adj) The English adjective somber actually derives from the Latin umbra, shade, and refers to things that are dark, gloomy, melancholy.

Somber means gloomy (adj) President John F. Kennedy, in Profiles in Courage wrote, “Democrats and Republicans alike, battle-scarred veterans of the Civil War and the violence of politics, sat in somber silence.”

A career in law enforcement may bring profoundly somber moments, along with moments of accomplishment, relief, and satisfaction.

Prostrate – lying flat (adj) Prostrate comes from the Latin prostratus. To be prostrate is to be lying down, face down. You can prostrate yourself by throwing yourself down.

Prostrate – lying flat (adj) Stephen Crane described “a thunderous, crushing blow that would prostrate the resistance” in The Red Badge of Courage.

Prostrate in prayer.

Profuse means abundant. (adj) The English adjective profuse, from the Latin profusus, means abundant. There can be profuse plants, profuse thanks, and profuse curls.

Profuse means abundant. (adj) In Herman Melville’s Moby Dick, a character wipes “the profuse sweat from his brow” and in Charles Dickens’ David Copperfield, a character is “Profuse in his farewells.”

Word definition serene Remember these words from Caesar’s English I?

serene calm acute Word definition Remember these words from Caesar’s English I?

serene calm acute sharp grotesque Word definition Remember these words from Caesar’s English I?

serene calm acute sharp grotesque distorted condescend Word definition Remember these words from Caesar’s English I?

condescend to patronize odious Word definition serene calm acute sharp grotesque distorted condescend to patronize odious Remember these words from Caesar’s English I?

condescend to patronize odious hateful Word definition serene calm acute sharp grotesque distorted condescend to patronize odious hateful Remember these words from Caesar’s English I?

Caesar’s Alterations Noun adjective verb adverb audibility audible audibly benevolence benevolent benevolently somberness somber somberly prostration prostrate prostrate profusion profuse profusely serenity serene serenely odium odious odiously

Sesquipedalian Story The serene silence and darkness of the night almost cloaked the barely audible tramping of the legions up through the prodigious forest. By dawn they would move stealthily into place, completely surrounding the camp of the implacable Gauls, those derisive and odious barbarians, with their vivacious songs and chants, now languorous and prostrate in their tents.

Sesquipedalian Story The profuse moon shown somber beams on the forest floor, breaking the profound darkness with almost benevolent circles of silver. The countenances of the soldiers were manifestly grotesque, filled with apprehension for the coming battle, and the normal condescending retorts of the soldiers were withheld, under the acute orders of the commanders. Surprise was crucial to the attack.

Latin Vocabulary Lesson 4 audible: able to be heard (AW-dih-bul) benevolent: charitable (ben-EH-vo-lent) somber: gloomy (SOM-ber) prostrate: lying flat (PROSS-trait) profuse: abundant (pro-FYOOS)