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Presentation transcript:

DO NOW

LOOKING BACK… How close were you in calculating the density of Earth? Which group was the closest? (Least percent error?) What conclusions can we make about each of the planets in our solar system based on it’s density?

CHEMISTRY and EARTH SCIENCE

COMMON ELEMENTS IN EARTH’S SYSTEMS Atoms!

A REVIEW INSIDE THE ATOM WHAT DO WE KNOW?

PARTS OF THE ATOM Name Charge Mass Location Proton + 1 1 amu Nucleus Neutron Electron -1 0.00054 amu Electron Cloud

REVIEW Atomic number Atomic mass Mass number Smaller number on periodic table. Periodic table is set up in increasing atomic number order. Number of protons. Atomic mass Larger number on the periodic table. Is an average of the element’s isotopes. Unit – amu (atomic mass unit). Mass number Take the atomic mass (bigger number on table) and round to a whole number. Equals protons + neutrons.

COUNTING PROTONS AND NEUTRONS Look up the element on the periodic table. Number of Protons = Atomic number Number of Neutrons = Mass number minus the number of protons. Number of Electrons = number of protons

RADIOACTIVITY Radioactivity starts in the nucleus. Positive charges (protons) are attracted to negative charges (electrons) Positive charges are NOT attracted to other positive charges. Negative charges are NOT attracted to other negative charges. Certain combinations of protons and neutrons are stable – they want to stay together. Radioactive isotopes are NOT stable – they want to break apart.

ISOTOPES Same element, different mass Same number of protons, different number of neutrons. Use the mass number to distinguish the mass.

PRACTICE How many protons and neutrons? Carbon-12? Carbon-14 Phosphorus-31 Remember # protons = atomic number # neutrons – mass number – atomic number

PRACTICE How many protons and neutrons? Beryllium-9 Sodium-21 Remember # protons = atomic number # neutrons – mass number – atomic number

WHAT ARE ISOTOPES? LAB

WHAT PART OF THE ATOM… Has a positive charge? Has a negative charge? Has no charge? Determines what element it is? Electron Proton Neutron Deutron