Lesson 081 Learning Goal: You should be able to Describe the structures and functions of three sub atomic particles Calculate number of sub atomic particles from their relationships Draw a Bohr Success criteria: Can you … Answer questions to help id patterns and relationships!

Vocabulary Valence electron Period Group or Family Molecule Compound Atom Atomic number Atomic mass Element Proton Neutron Electron Electron orbit or shell Nucleus Isotope Valence electron Period Group or Family Molecule Compound

Write To Think 081 What is capillary action? List at least 4 characteristics of a chemical reaction. How many valence electrons do elements in group 17 have? How many shells of electrons in period 5? Why do you think its called the periodic table of elements? What does ‘periodically’ mean? What’s an element?

The number of protons in the nucleus increase in # by 1 as you move from left to right (just like reading text) Groups 1 1 8 Helium Helium 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 Periods Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3

The Period # is the # of electron rings Groups The Period # is the # of electron rings 1 1 8 Helium Helium 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 Periods Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3

The # of valence electrons Groups The Group # is The # of valence electrons 1 1 8 Helium Helium 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 Periods Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3

Answers to Bohr diagram patterns and how the periodic table is arranged Check Questions?

Periodic table organization Color code a periodic table as demonstrated. Zig Zag Line Metal, nonmetal, metalloid Aim to complete the following by using the printed information by the end of Wednesday’s lesson. Color code the periodic table for each ‘pattern’ (Teacher demonstration and slides) Complete and color code the graphic organizer with as much detail as you can … add more information from different sources tomorrow and Thursday. Why? Looking for Periodic table patterns, trends, relationships AND explanations! Demo. Add period (row) and group (column) ZIG ZAG, metal, non metal

METALS NON-METALS METALOIDS

Periodic table information organizer

End of lesson. Any slides after here are resources for the teacher .. But feel free to use them!

Finished? Get the correct laptop Go to Mr. Thompson’s website Find lesson 081 Download the handout for periodic table websites Use them to add to your organizer!

Periodic table orientation Period = row = Horizontal = across the periodic table Periods have numbers 1 to 7 Family/Group = column =Vertical = up or down the periodic table Groups have numbers 1 to 18 They also have names

Summarizer How are atoms neutral? What makes the atomic number of any atom? If the number of protons is changed in an atom then the atom will be a different type. Why?

Whiteboard Review: What is the charge of a proton? (Write a sign or symbol) Which sub atomic particle is neutral? Which particles orbit the nucleus? If a model of an atom makes the nucleus the size of a soccer ball … how far away would the closest electrons be? Which number of particles is the atomic number? Which number of particles always equal the number of protons in an atom? Which particles have almost zero mass? Which particles are the ‘id’ of an atom? Which particles make up the nucleus? Which particles travel at the speed of light? How many electrons can be in the 2nd shell? Which particles make up the atomic mass? If the atomic mass is 60 and the atomic number is 40 how many neutrons are there? Does adding a proton change the type of atom? Does adding a neutron change the type of atom? If an electron is added to an atom is it still an atom? Draw a model of an atom with mass 14 and 8 electrons.

Calculating # of sub atomic particles 8 Oxygen 15.999 8 Atomic # 16 Atomic Mass O Element Symbol 8 # of Protons 16 8 8 # of Neutrons - = 8 # of electrons

Calculating # of sub atomic particles 79 Au Gold 196.967 79 Atomic # Atomic Mass 197 Au Element Symbol # of Protons 79 197 - = # of Neutrons 79 118 79 # of electrons

Helpful information … Atoms are neutral, with balanced charges Atoms have equal numbers of protons (+) and electrons (-) Atomic number = number of protons (p) The id or type of atom is its atomic number Atomic mass or mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons (Why?) Atomic mass (n & p) - Atomic number (p) = number of neutrons (n) Electron shells ALWAYS fill up from the inside to the outside shells. (2, 8, 8 or 18 etc.)

Definitions/Characteristics/Properties etc. of sub atomic particles Atom: Smallest possible unit into which matter can be divided, while still maintaining its properties. Made of protons ,electrons and neutrons. Atoms are always NEUTRAL! Nucleus: Small, dense center of the atom. Contains protons and neutrons. Protons: Carry a positive charge. Determines the properties/identity of the atom. Electrons: Carry a negative charge. Gives atoms their ‘surface’ or ‘edge’. React or not react with other atoms. Electron orbits or shells or clouds: The area around the nucleus that contains the electrons. Number of electrons = number of protons because an atom is always neutral! Neutrons: Carry a neutral charge. Make atoms stable (or not). Atomic number: The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom, which determines its chemical properties and its position in periodic table. Examples: Oxygen has 8 protons, atomic # 8. Gold has 79 protons, atomic # 79. Mass number: The number of protons AND neutrons in the nucleus of the atom. Determine the mass of the atom. Examples: Carbon has 6 protons and can have 6 neutrons, mass number # 12. Chlorine has 17 protons, and can have 19 neutrons, mass number # 36. Isotopes: Two or more forms of the same element that has equal number of protons but different number of neutrons and differ in relative atomic mass and have same chemical properties