Mr. Condry’s Social Studies Class WESTWARD EXPANSION Mr. Condry’s Social Studies Class

WHY MOVE WEST? Population growth in the eastern states Cheap, fertile land Economic opportunity (gold rush, logging, farming, freedom (for runaway slaves)

WHY MOVE WEST? Cheaper, faster transportation (rivers and canals {Erie Canal}, steamboats, etc.) Knowledge of overland trails (Oregon &Santa Fe) Belief in Manifest Destiny (idea that expansion was good and right for the country)

NEW TECHNOLOGIES Cotton gin (Eli Whitney) – increased production of cotton & increased the need for slaves to grow & pick it

NEW TECHNOLOGIES Reaper (Cyrus McCormick) – increased production of the farmer

NEW TECHNOLOGIES Steamboat (Robert Fulton) – faster transportation from Southern plantations to factories of the North

NEW TECHNOLOGIES Steam locomotives – faster land transportation Sturbridge Lion (imported England) John Bull (imported England)

WESTWARD EXPANSION Louisiana Purchase Florida Texas Annexation Oregon Country California (Mexican Cession)

LOUISIANA PURCHASE Jefferson purchased land from Napoleon in 1803 Cost 15 Million Dollars Doubled the size of the United States

LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION Lewis & Clark were hired to explore from Mississippi River to Pacific Ocean Sacajawea was a guide

LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION Meriwether Lewis and Second Lieutenant William Clark Journey lasted May 1804 to September 1806 All but one man survived the trip. Sergeant Charles Floyd died of infection from a ruptured appendix

LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION Primary objective to explore and to map the newly acquired territory to find a practical route across the western half of the continent to establish an American presence in this territory before Britain and other European powers tried to claim it

LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION Secondary Objective Scientific and economic: to study the area’s plants, animal life, and geography To establish trade with local Native American tribes.

Florida 1819 Florida was purchased from Spain Adams-Onis Treaty also known as the Transcontinental treaty

REPUBLIC OF TEXAS Independent sovereign country Existed from March 2, 1836 to February 19, 1846 Stephen Austin “Father of Texas” Sam Houston 1st president of Texas

REPUBLIC OF TEXAS Alamo 13 day siege from General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Killed all Texians Led to the Mexican American War Davy Crockett Jim Bowie

The Annexation of Texas Texas annexed in 1845 Becomes the 28th State on December 29, 1845 Tension expands between Mexico and the United States

MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR War between United Mexican states and United States of America between 1846 to 1848

MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR Strengths Casualties Strengths Casualties United States Mexico Strengths 32,000 soldiers and marines 59,000 militia Casualties 1,733 killed in battle 13, 283 total dead Strengths 34,000-60,000 soldiers Casualties 25,000 dead 6,000 killed in battle and died from disease 4,000 civilians 15,000 died from all causes

MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the major consequence of the war. U.S. agreed to pay $15 million compensation for the physical damage of the war. Increased the issue of Slavery in the United States

OREGON COUNTRY Divided with Great Britain – Britain got British Columbia Contained states of Washington, Oregon, and part of Idaho Oregon Trail helped people settle there

CALIFORNIA John C. Fremont military Governor Part of the Mexican Cession after the Mexican War (1845) Sutter’s Mill Gold Rush of 1849 Forty-niners Sacramento

The Gadsden Purchase Purchased from Mexico because we thought that we would build a transcontinental railroad there. Bought 1853

COLOR YOUR MAP: 13 Colonies Not shown or colored on this map! Old Northwest Gadsden Purchase Alaska Purchase Hawaiian Annexation Old Southwest Louisiana Purchase Florida Texas Annexation Oregon Country Mexican Cession

MANIFEST DESTINY

Religion and Westward Expansion Missionaries were the first white permanent settlers in Oregon Mormons would leave their settlement in Ohio do to clashes with other settlers and move west. Christianity would be taught to the natives as a way of “fixing” the Native American problem

ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT Most abolitionists demanded freedom for slaves Abolitionists believed that slavery was wrong Morally wrong Cruel and inhumane A violation of the principles of democracy Leaders Harriet Tubman William Lloyd Garrison Frederick Douglass

SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT Supporters declared that “All men and women are created equal.” Supporters believed that women were deprived of basic rights. Denied the right to vote Denied educational opportunities Denied equal opportunities in business Limited in rights to own property Leaders Sojourner Truth Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton