World War I 1914-1918 The Great War

Causes: M.A.N.I.A Militarism Alliances Nationalism Imperialism Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Alliances Central Powers Allies Germany Austria-Hungary Triple Alliance Turkey Bulgaria Allies Great Britain France Triple Entente Russia Serbia Belgium Japan Italy United States (April 1917)

Reasons For American Entrance

1) Unrestricted Submarine Warfare by Germany Sinking the Lusitania (1916) Sussex Pledge (1916) Unrestricted warfare again (1917)

2) Allied Propaganda Great Britain: common language and culture France: alliance since Revolutionary War

3) Hostility toward Germany Had a military controlled dictatorship Invaded neutral Belgium Waged unrestricted submarine warfare Attempted to sabotage American industries Plotted to draw Mexico into war (Zimmerman note)

4) American Economic Interests Extended loans to Allies Sold goods to Allies

5) American Idealism Better world if Allies won World must be safe for Democracy

6) American Security Brest-Litovsk Treat: Russia makes a peace treaty with Germany to withdraw from WWI early Major territorial concessions- Russia gave 1/3 of its land to Germany

Homefront

Broad powers to direct economy Array of government agencies 1) Increasing Presidential Powers Broad powers to direct economy Array of government agencies

2) Mobilizing the Economy War industries board- allocated raw materials, expanded war production war labor board- medicated labor disputes Railroad administration- controlled railroads Food administration- increased farm output: public support

3) Punishing Espionage and Sedition Espionage Act (1917)- spying and sabotaging war effort Sedition Act (1918)- speaking against the government

4) Financing the War Income Tax Excise Tax Liberty Bonds Victory Bonds

5) Providing Military Forces Selective service acts Appeal for American troops to turn the tide of the war Russia- leaves the war early due to a civil war in their country New weapons- machine guns, submarines, airplanes, tanks, zeppelins, trench warfare, poison gases

Treaty of Versailles President Wilson 14 Points Points 1-5 designed to remove what Wilson believed were the causes of the war Points 6-13 dealt with boundary changes Point 14 called for establishment of a League of Nations (global organization set up to promote peace) Treaty of Versailles with Germany (1919) Different Allied Objectives: a) Lloyd George (Great Britain)- make Germany pay all b) Clemenceau (France)- make Germany pay c) Orlando (Italy)- enlarge Italian empire d) Wilson (US)- peace and a better world

Treaty of Versailles Major Divisions 9 new nations formed Boundaries of nations shifted Germany’s army was reduced Germany accepted full responsibility and agreed to pay all war damages League of Nations was created Weaknesses Failed to establish any sort of lasting peace Laid the groundwork for post war international problems