Pearl Harbor and the U.S. Home front

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Presentation transcript:

Pearl Harbor and the U.S. Home front

Pearl Harbor (Oahu, Hawaii) Japanese expansion started in 1931 and U.S. wanted to stop spread to S.E. Asia - FDR cut off oil shipments (July 1941) Japanese wanted to eliminate the U.S. Fleet so they could continue their southern expansion in Asia. Admiral Yamamoto planned the attack. - “The U.S. Fleet was a dagger pointed at Japan’s throat.”

December 7, 1941 Approx 350+ Japanese planes attacked for 2 hours. 19 U.S. ships destroyed including 8 battleships. 260+ U.S. planes were destroyed or damaged. Japan lost 29 planes and 6 submarines

Results 2300+ Sailors/Marines- Killed and 1100+ wounded “A Day which will live in Infamy.” (FDR) U.S. declares War on Japan (Dec. 8th)- Americans were committed to Victory in WWII. (Isolationism was over) Germany and Italy declare war on U.S. (Dec 11TH)

1177 Killed on the U.S.S. Arizona Arizona Memorial

FDR Speech “A Day that will live in Infamy”- -FDR

The U.S. Homefront U.S. declared war on Japan after Pearl Harbor & joined the Allies Americans mobilize for the war Increase Military & food production is key to success Rationing: Gas, oil, rubber, clothes, nylons, butter, eggs & meat

Homefront Continued 12 million men left for war-forced women into the workforce Finances for War came from increased taxes & war bonds War Production Board created- convert to military economy

Japanese Internment Executive Order 9066 (Feb. 1942) Gave the U.S. power to relocate Japanese Americans to Internment Camps Due to fear of sabotage/spying & to protect natural security (Constitution violated) 100,000 were affected & ½ were children Most lost their property & valuables

Internment Camps Conditions similar to concentration camps - inadequate food & housing - disease Up to 4 years behind barbed wire/armed guards

Japanese Internment Continued No Japanese-American was ever suspected or convicted of espionage 1988- Civil Liberties Act -acknowledged the injustice with a signed apology from the President - Congress was mandated to pay each victim of the Internment $20,000 in reparations

Manzanar Camp