Port Environmental Quality Assurance Initiatives and Projects 11th Conference of the Pan-African Ports Co-operation (PAPC) Under the Aegis of the 38th PMAWCA Council Meeting, Dakar, Senegal, 13th – 17th February 2017

Presentation Outline Aim: To appreciate the ports and environment nexus and the way forward through co-ordinated effort in promoting harmonised sustainable development of our ports - Africa’s Economic Prospects - Ports & the Environment - Emergence of Port Environmental Reform - Should Our Ports Follow? - What is Our Context? - Environmental Initiatives and Projects

Africa’s Economic Prospects Impressive growth past 2 decades GDP from 2% in 80s/90s to over 5% in 2001-2014 SSA moderate in last 2 years, from 2014 (4.7), 2015 (3.1), slumped in 2016 (1.5) but expected to strengthen in 2017 (2.9), 2018 (3.6), 2019 (3.7) (Source: World Bank, 2017)

Africa’s Economic Prospects Import/export ¼ of GDP For growth to continue, trade must grow Growing trade interesting for port growth 90% of international trade through maritime route But also has environmental implications! Growing GDP = growing trade = increasing shipping = port growth = increasing ports & marine environment problems

Ports & the Environment Environment has moved from periphery to central focus that cannot be ignored Playing lead role in global development agenda Economic processes inevitably required to embrace social and environmental implications Ports & marine environment problems knows no boundaries (transboundary dimensions)

Ports & the Environment International nature of ports make them sensitive to global processes and trends Ports under pressure to balance economic orientation with environmental considerations Ports looking for pollution prevention strategies and show commitment No more negative impact of port activities on the environment but prevention Has triggered environment-induced transformations in ports

Emergence of Port Environmental Reform Groundbreaking initiative – from European ports 1994 ‘Environmental Code of Practice’ Followed by various research on sustainability and the maritime industry 1995 Dutch and Belgium ports comparative study – (non-competitive) 1996 Australian studies on impact of regulations – (cost burden so co-ordination)

Emergence of Port Environmental Reform 1999 studies on UK ports’ response to regulations – (biological indicators for port waters quality) Efforts at level playing field and environment as non-competitive issue to avoid ‘race to the bottom’ Strengthened by environmental co-operation among European ports (ECEPA)

Emergence of Port Environmental Reform Several initiatives evolved since: - Eco-information project (1997-99) - Environmental Management Manual (1998) AAPA Eco-port Tools by ports and for ports ‘ports going beyond legal compliance‘ Emergent ‘GREEN PORT’ concept from ESPO ‘balancing environmental challenges with economic demands’

Should Our Ports Follow? Already globalisation’s economic liberalization is transforming our ports Increasing private sector participation Inefficient role of the state shifted Multinational actors are taking up roles There is changing relations between state and non-state port actors Environment has become an element of port competitiveness

Should Our Ports Follow? Our ports therefore on eve of major structural and strategic changes Also face environmental challenges requiring strategic interactions and dependencies to address Ports with good environmental practices are attracting the responsible investors and businesses

Should Our Ports Follow? Need to collaboratively pay attention to the dynamics of this transformation process with environment State + non-state actors Innovative forms of environmental governance needed No Option But To Follow !

Environmental policies have received low priority But What is Our Context? Focused on modifying infrastructure to strengthen individual economic position Environmental policies have received low priority Lack of environmental capacity (human, infrastructure etc.) Most ports lack clearly defined environmental management structure The ports share common environmental problems

Environmental problems know no boundaries But What is Our Context? But ports operate inherently as individual entities with little recourse to environmental linkages among them Environmental problems know no boundaries Can be tackled through co-operative action Koko dumping (1987) & Probo Koala Dumping (2006) as a wake-up call

Environmental Initiatives and Projects African Ports Environment Initiative (APEI) (An environmental collaborative mechanism for African ports working together) African Ports Environment Initiative (PAPC Platform) Inter-port Environmental Network (PMAESA Platform) Mombasa Port Environmental Network Cape Town Port Environmental Network Inter-port Environmental Network (PMAWCA Platform) Douala Port Environmental Network Lagos Port Environmental Network Inter-port Environmental Network (UAPNA Platform) Alexandria Port Environmental Network Port of Gabes Environmental Network

African Ports Environment Initiative (APEI) Environmental Initiatives and Projects African Ports Environment Initiative (APEI) Using a Bottom-up Approach with Lead Partnering Ports (LPPs) Inter-port Environmental Network (PAPC Platform) Dakar Port Environmental Network (Port level Platform) Mombasa Port Environmental Network Cape Town Port Environmental Network

Environmental Initiatives and Projects African Ports Environment Conferences - 3rd under planning Environmental Capacity Building Project with UNEP (Abidjan Convention Secretariat) - Strategic Assessment of Port Environmental Issues, Policies and Programmes (SAPEIPP) MARPOL Study Visits Lisbon (May 15-19, 2017) Bremen (October, 2017)

Environmental Initiatives and Projects Eco-Port PERS Certification The only port sector specific environmental management standard developed by ports and for ports WWW.ecoslc.eu/contact Compliance assessed by Lloyd’s Register It is a first-easy step for ports towards ISO 140001 DOTCOM Waste Project (Training) Rome, Italy (Sept. 26-29, 2017)

The Way Forward Global maritime community acknowledges transboundary marine pollution can be tackled through co-ordinated collaborative approach from local through regional to global Shift from confines of individual ports of state dominance towards transnational and multilevel approach with all actors collaborating to understand and interpret environmental risks of our ports and together evolve innovative solutions

Thank you for your kind interest and attention!!! info@penaf.org