TELESCOPES.

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Presentation transcript:

TELESCOPES

Telescopes Write what is in YELLOW You will be accountable for text in yellow on quizes.

Where do we put telescopes to have the best viewing conditions? 1. On Earth: CLEAR HIGH DRY COLD DARK

Problem with Telescopes on Earth? Particles of all sorts in the atmosphere block and cloud the view

2. In Space Solves atmosphere problem – CLEAR VIEW! Examples: Hubble, Cobe , Iras

Problem with telescopes in space? They’re in space! Hard to get to Hard to repair EXPENSIVE!!!

Functions of a Telescope Collect Light Magnify Images Separate Distant Objects Use as a Camera

I. OPTICAL TELESCOPES (USE VISIBLE LIGHT) Two types: Refractor – BENDS LIGHT Invented by Hans Lippershey in 1608 Refined by Galileo in 1609

Galileo demonstrating his telescope

Tololo Observatory - Chile

TYPE 1 – REFRACTING TELESCOPE How does it work? It bends light to create an image It uses two lenses 1. eyepiece (ocular) lens - small 2. objective lens - large

Draw it!

Type 2 – Reflecting Telescope Invented by Isaac Newton in 1668 Uses two mirrors Objective Mirror – Large Secondary (flat) mirror – Small c. Can be VERY LARGE 40 ft - 50 ft diameter objective mirror!

2. Reflector – USES MIRRORS Cheap and common

Draw It!

Most Modern Telescopes combine technologies Examples Hubble Kepler - http://kepler.nasa.gov/

Advantages of a reflector only one side of the mirror. (on a refractor the lens has two sides) – cheaper and distortion is less of a problem. The whole back of the mirror can be supported, therefore can be made very LARGE

II. Non-optical Telescopes Radio Telescopes a. Location – Earth (atmosphere does not affect radio waves) b. Structure – Large metal dish

c. Size – very large because radio waves have a very long wavelength

d. Arrays – sets of multiple radio telescopes that allow for more data to be gathered.

Ex – VLA (very large array) in Socorro, New Mexico 27 dishes. SETI– Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence looking for intelligent radio signals

Other Non-Optical Telescopes (all are satellites) 2. Infrared – IRAS launched 1983

3. Microwaves – COBE Cosmic Background explorer 3. Microwaves – COBE Cosmic Background explorer. Discovered evidence of the Big Bang. Launched 1981

COBE Image of CBR

4. X-Rays – Chandra Launched 1999

Cassiopeia Super Nova

Black Hole

Crab Nebula

Saturn

5. Gamma Rays – GRO Gamma Ray Observatory

Milky Way