10.3 Gene pools and speciation

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10.3 Gene pools and speciation Gene pools change over time

Gene Pools A gene pool consists of all the genes and their different alleles, present in an interbreeding population.

Allele frequency and evolution Evolution requires that allele frequencies change with time in populations. Sexual Reproduction also can change alleles.

Allele Distribution Comparison of allele frequencies of geographically isolated populations. Genetic Drift Bottleneck Founder Effect

Isolation Barriers

Pre-Zygotic Isolation

Post-Zygotic Isolation

Speciation Speciation due to divergence of isolated populations can be gradual. Two basic mechanisms which speciation can occur: Allopatric speciation (geographical isolation) Sympatric speciation (reproductive isolation)

Speciation in the genus Allium by polyploidy Takes two polyploidy parents to make offspring

The genus Allium is compromised of monocotyldoenous flowering plants and includes onions, garlic, chives and leeks. In many of these species polyploidy has occurred, resulting in reproductively isolated populations with distinct phenotypes. Diploid (2n)- garden onion Triploid (3n) – keeled garlic Tetraploid (4n)- Chinese chives Pentaploid (5n) – field garlic Octoploid (8n) – blue chives

Pace of speciation