Electrical Energy Sources

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Presentation transcript:

Electrical Energy Sources

Household appliances

Power ratings of appliances Clock 10W Table lamp 100W Drill 750W Iron 1.2kW Kettle 2.4kW Immersion heater 3.0kW Cooker 11.5kW

Power Rating Label Frequency 50 Hz Voltage 230V ~ Double insulated Power 2000W

Power Rating Plate Model BD 760K Drill Model 4597 iron 230V ~ 50 Hz Made in Spain Model 4597 iron 230 V ~ 50 Hz 1200 W Made in UK

What’s the difference?

Flexes and Power Power rating Typical appliance Conductor thickness Maximum current Up to 700W Clock, food mixer 0.50 mm2 3A 700 – 1380 W Hair dryer; toaster 0.75 mm2 6A 1380 – 2300W Kettle, fan heater 1.00 mm2 10A 2300 - 3000W 3kW heater 1.25 mm2 13A

Fuses and safety

Plugs and fuses Metal contact Thin wire casing Fuse symbol

Fuses must be connected to the live terminal Live 230V Neutral 0V Live 230V Neutral 0V If fuse blows lamp is only connected to neutral (0V) so is safe If fuse blows lamp is still connected to live and so is at a high voltage The same principle applies to switches. Switches must always be connected to the live terminal.

Extension lead wiring Earth Live Live Neutral Neutral

Light socket wiring

What’s the difference?

What’s the difference? 230V A.C. Can be fatal, continuous supply 1.5V D.C. Safe, runs out

Direct Current (DC) +ve +ve -ve -ve Cells are typically 1.5V DC

Time base ms/division AC/DC switch 0V Y axis V/div

Direct Current + 6V - 6V Connections reversed Y input positive

Alternating Current The mains supplies 230V AC (Alternating Current) 50Hz

Alternating Current Mains current cycles from positive to negative 50 times per second (50Hz) Signal pattern is the same independent of how the leads are connected

Alternating Current 8V peak Vpeak = √2 Vmeasured Multimeter 5.8V

AC and DC A cell or battery provides direct current (DC). The electrons always flow in the same direction (negative to positive). A typical cell has a voltage of 1.5V. If the electricity supply is AC (alternating current) the current constantly changes direction. Mains electricity is 230V AC at 50Hz. This means that the current cycles from positive to negative 50 times per second. The measured AC voltage is less than the peak voltage (by a factor of √2). This is called the RMS (root mean square) value.