Lifespan Development Physical Development
Conception Zygote 23 pair of chromosomes DNA Genes Genotype Phenotype
Prenatal Development Germinal Stage (conception to week 2) Zygote divides then embeds in uterine wall Embryonic Stage (week 2 – 8) 95 % of organs begin to form Sexual differentiation takes place (week 7 or 8) Fetal Stage (week 9 – birth) Organs finish forming and function Age of viability (week 22 – 26)
Physical Development Infancy Fastest time of development Brain is fastest developing organ Early and Middle Childhood Motor Development Height: 2 – 3” per year Weight: 5 – 7 lbs. per year
Physical Development Adolescence 2nd fastest time of growth Puberty Primary and Secondary Sex Characteristics Menarche / Semenarche
Physical Development Young Adulthood Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood Peak Biological aging begins (senescence) Middle Adulthood Gradual decline Menopause Late Adulthood
Cognitive Development Lifespan Development Cognitive Development
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Schemas Assimilation Accomodation Operations
Development of Moral Thinking Kohlberg’s Stages of Development of Moral Thinking Pre-conventional Level: Based on external forces and avoiding punishment. Conventional Level: Based on society’s norms and the approval of others. Post-conventional Level: Based on a personal moral code.
Psychosocial Development Lifespan Development Psychosocial Development
Attachment A strong affectional tie that binds a person to an intimate companion. Characterized by: Affection A desire to maintain proximity in order to regulate distress
Phases of Attachment Phase 1 (birth – 2 months) Phase 2 (2 – 8 months) Separation anxiety - Secure base Stranger anxiety - Social referencing Phase 4 (2 years and up)
Identity Develoment Marcia’s 4 Identity Statuses Based on crisis (conscious decision making) and commitment (personal commitment) Diffusion: confusion and little progress (no crisis or commitment) Foreclosure: status determined by parents / others, not personal exploration (commitment w/o crisis) Moratorium: Exploring alternatives but not settled on one (crisis w/o commitment) Achievement: Deliberately chosen identity (crisis w/ commitment)
Influences on Development Environment Teratogens Experience Parents Heredity Parenting styles Authoritarian Permissive Authoritative Neglectful Critical Periods Culture Peers