(Non-)Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

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Presentation transcript:

(Non-)Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

What is development? a process (provision + transformation) a universal goal (but haves and have nots  living standards vs. abject poverty) a moral imperative (human rights) a “business” (poverty = money) the quest for growth, equity and sustainability (sustainable development) 2. Measures of development Economic indicators Social indicators Environmental indicators 3. Africa’s Non-Development: Why? Geography History Post-colonial dirigisme Marginalization

“The Picture”: New Millennium Source: World Bank (WDI)

Highest (GDP per Capita) Gabon 12,742 Botswana 12,057 Equatorial Guinea 11,999 Mauritius 10,155 South Africa 8,477 Lowest Congo, Dem. Rep. 264 Liberia 383 Burundi 410 Zimbabwe 538 Guinea-Bissau 569

Global distribution of HIV, 2006 Source: WHO, 2007.

Africa: GDP per capita vs. HIV/AIDS http://www.project-empathy.org/i/africamap.jpg P.S.: Malaria et al.

Literacy Rates

Environmental Degradation Desertification Pollution 1 Deforestation Pollution 3 Pollution 2 Erratic Weather Patterns

What is development? a process (provision + transformation) a universal goal a moral imperative (human rights) a “business” a quest for growth, equity and sustainability 2. Measures of development Economic indicators Social indicators Environmental indicators 3. Sub-Saharan Africa’s Non-Development: Why? Geography: (1) location, (2) size, (3) resources History (colonialism = systems of exploitation and extraction) Authoritarian Imperative and Post-colonial dirigisme Globalization = Marginalization

… but 2011: 4.9% growth rate for SSAfrica (Rwanda, Tanzania, Ethiopia > 6%) Source: World Bank

Country GDP Growth Date of information World Rank Region Rank GDP Growth Date of information World Rank Region Rank Congo, Republic of 9.1% 2010 10 1 Zimbabwe 9.0% 11 2 Botswana 8.7% 13 3 Nigeria 8.4% 16 4 Ethiopia 3.0% 20 5 Source: CIA 2011