Internet2 Applications and Possibilities Mary Kratz Manager Internet2 Health Sciences Alliance for Higher Education Internet2 Day Richardson, Texas 6 April 2001 This is a general overview presentation about Internet2. Internet2 is a consortium, led by US universities, which is recreating the partnership among academia, industry and government that fostered today’s Internet in its infancy.

People on the Internet Millions of People This chart shows the rapid rise in the number of people using the Internet. The projected figures are probably conservative. Source: Nua Internet Surveys 11/28/2018

Yesterday’s Internet Thousands of users Remote login, file transfer Interconnect mainframe computers Applications capitalize on underlying technology These are some important characteristics of the Internet during its pre-commercial development. 11/28/2018

Today’s Internet Millions of users Web, email, low-quality audio & video “World Wide Wait” Interconnect personal computers and servers Applications adapt to underlying technology Since commercialization in 1994, key characteristics of the Internet have changed: the size of the network and the capacity applications require support beyond the original design parameters of the underlying technologies. 11/28/2018

Today’s Internet Doesn’t Provide reliable end-to-end performance Encourage cooperation on new capabilities Allow testing of new technologies Support development of revolutionary applications Today’s Internet has serious shortcomings. Some of them are performance or technically related, which limit the kinds of applications and capabilities the Internet can support. Other limitations affect the ability to innovate new capabilities that would address some of the performance and technical limitations. 11/28/2018

Tomorrow’s Internet Billions of users and devices Convergence of today’s applications with multimedia (telephony, video-conference, HDTV) Interconnect personal computers, servers, and embedded computers New technologies enable unanticipated applications (and create new challenges) Tomorrow’s Internet promises even more demands: many more users and even more demanding applications. New capabilities must be developed to realize the potential of tomorrow’s Internet. 11/28/2018

Challenges to Higher Education Human Computer Interaction Virtual learning environments Virtual meetings and seminars Shared authoring and research collaboration Remote instrumentation is cumbersome Access between higher edu resources and corporate environments restricted Distributed large scale computing and database 11/28/2018

Why Internet2? The Internet was not designed for: Millions of users Congestion Multimedia Real time interaction But, only the Internet can: Accommodate explosive growth Enable convergence of information work, mass media, and human collaboration Internet2 is focused on the Internet’s potential for our future 11/28/2018

Why University Leadership? The Internet came from the academic community Stanford -- the Internet protocols NSFNet -- the scaled-up Internet CERN -- The WWW protocols University of Illinois -- The Web browser Universities’ research and education mission require an advanced Internet and have demonstrated they can develop it 11/28/2018

Internet Development Spiral Commercialization Privatization Today’s Internet This spiral represents one way of looking at the development of the Internet. As the Internet moved from a research project to a commercial service, a set of partnerships fostered its development. During this process, the Internet grew in a number of ways: size, complexity, bandwidth, etc. Internet2 is forming the partnerships needed for technologies in a second cycle of innovation make their way into the commercial Internet. Internet2 Research and Development Partnerships 11/28/2018 Source: Ivan Moura Campos

Internet2 Mission Develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrow’s Internet. This is the Internet2 mission. 11/28/2018

Internet2 Goals Enable new generation of applications Re-create leading edge R&E network capability Transfer technology and experience to the global production Internet These are the three primary goals of Internet2. 11/28/2018

Internet2 Partnerships Internet2 universities are recreating the partnerships that fostered the Internet in its infancy Industry Government International Partnerships are the foundation of how the Internet developed and they are also a part of the foundation of Internet2. 11/28/2018

Internet2 Corporate Partners 3Com Advanced Network & Services Alcatel AT&T Cisco Systems IBM ITC^Deltacom Lucent Technologies Marconi Communications Microsoft Nortel Networks Qwest Communications SBC Communications Spirent Communications WCI Cable WorldCom This is the latest list of Internet2 Corporate Partners. Corporate partners have committed to providing over US$1million in support of collaborations with Internet2 universities. 11/28/2018

Additional Participation Over 70 Internet2 Corporate Members Over 40 Affiliate Members Over 30 International Partners There are also over a total of 70 corporate members (including corporate partners) in Internet2, and over 30 affiliate members. 11/28/2018

Internet2 Universities 185 Universities as of April 2001 This is the latest map of Internet2 universities. Each Internet2 university commits to providing the high performance networking on their own campus, connecting to a high-performance backbone network, and supporting advanced applications development on their own campus. 11/28/2018

Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Network Infrastructure Middleware Engineering Advanced Applications Partnerships These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on. 11/28/2018

Internet2 Network Infrastructure Backbones operate at 2.4 Gbps (OC48) capacity today GigaPoPs provide regional high-performance aggregation points Local campus networks provide 100 Mbps to the desktop This is a broad generalization of the Internet2 network infrastructure. 11/28/2018

Internet2 Backbone Networks This is an illustration of the (currently) two Internet2 backbone networks, the vBNS developed by MCI Worldcom and the National Science Foundation and Abilene, developed by the University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development, Qwest, Cisco and Indiana University. Donna Cox, Robert Patterson, NCSA 11/28/2018

Abilene Network -Qwest 11/28/2018

Internet2 GigaPoPs 27 as of April 2001 These are the location of the Internet2 gigaPoPs. 11/28/2018

Abilene Network Logical Map 11/28/2018

Download of “The Matrix” DVD (Comparison of the Internet2 Land Speed Record) 11/28/2018

Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Network Infrastructure Middleware Engineering Advanced Applications Partnerships These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on. 11/28/2018

Middleware A layer of software between the network and the applications Authentication Identification Authorization Directories Security Middleware is a layer of software between the network and applicaitons 11/28/2018

Internet2 Middleware Initiative Internet2 community has unique needs and capabilities Middleware Architecture Committee for Education Early Harvest and Early Adopters EduPerson Internet2 PKI Labs Shibboleth (authentication) Computational middleware (Beta Grid) Medical middleware Directories The commercial development of middleware has lagged. These are some of the activities and work underway within the Internet2 community. 11/28/2018

Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Network Infrastructure Middleware Engineering Advanced Applications Partnerships These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on. 11/28/2018

Engineering Quality of Service: QBone Scalable IP Multicast IPv6 http://www.internet2.edu/qbone/ Scalable IP Multicast http://www.internet2.edu/multicast/ IPv6 Network Security Network Management Measurement These are some of the new network capabilities that advanced networks will need to implement and which the Internet2 community is working on. 11/28/2018

Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Network Infrastructure Middleware New Network Capabilities Advanced Applications Partnerships These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on. 11/28/2018

Application Attributes Interactive research collaboration and instruction Real-time access to remote resources Large-scale, multi-site computation and data mining Shared virtual reality Any combination of the above 11/28/2018

Advanced Applications Distributed computation Virtual laboratories Digital libraries Distributed learning Digital video Tele-immersion All of the above in combination Advanced applications com in many flavors, and those flavors can be combined. Advanced applications share the characteristic that they require advanced network capabilities to work—they either don’t work at all, or won’t work well on today’s Internet. Enabling advanced applications is at the heart of Internet2. 11/28/2018

Virtual Laboratories Real-time access to remote instruments University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center 3-D Brain Mapping Here are some examples of various applications already in use: This application links an MRI machine with a supercomputer to produce 3-D visualizations of the neurons in a patient’s brain firing in real-time. The resulting animation can be viewed by any doctor that has access to high-performance networking. These capabilities transform the process of visualizing a patient’s brain—a process that normally takes days—and allows doctor’s to work in ways not previously possible. 11/28/2018

Virtual Laboratories Real-time access to remote instruments University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Distributed nanoManipulator This is an application which allows remote control of an electron microscope that can actually move molecules around. The application also provides “force feed-back” to the remote operator. 11/28/2018

Virtual Laboratories Mauna Kea Observatories AURA University of Hawaii Here are pictures of various applications already in use: 1) the Upper Atmosphere research Collaboratory (UARC) developed at the University of Michigan--allows researchers access to data from instruments in Greenland w/o having to travel there, and allows them to discuss and interact in real time. This applications allows access to broader audience, including the second-order affect of enabling graduate students (who would never have been able to go to Greenland) to look in on research. 2&3) Pictures of a the output from a scanning electron microscope--allows access to expensive, specialized equipment by students--allows them to control in the microscope and see the output as if they were in the same room --These both require advanced network capabilities to work--either don’t work, or won’t work well on today’s internet. 11/28/2018

Virtual Laboratories Space Physics & Aeronomy Research Collaboratory (SPARC) University of Michigan NSF Here are pictures of various applications already in use: 1) the Upper Atmosphere research Collaboratory (UARC) developed at the University of Michigan--allows researchers access to data from instruments in Greenland w/o having to travel there, and allows them to discuss and interact in real time. This applications allows access to broader audience, including the second-order affect of enabling graduate students (who would never have been able to go to Greenland) to look in on research. 2&3) Pictures of a the output from a scanning electron microscope--allows access to expensive, specialized equipment by students--allows them to control in the microscope and see the output as if they were in the same room --These both require advanced network capabilities to work--either don’t work, or won’t work well on today’s internet. 11/28/2018

Images courtesy Univ. of Illinois-Chicago Tele-immersion Shared virtual reality University of Illinois at Chicago Virtual Temporal Bone This is a program that allows a doctor to share a 3-D image of a complex piece of anatomy (the inner ear) with students in a way that makes teaching the anatomy much easier. By making this interactive capability available over the network, a doctor can teach students remotely. Images courtesy Univ. of Illinois-Chicago 11/28/2018

Tele-cubicles and the CAVE Tele-cubicles and CAVEs are different interfaces used for some advanced applications. Immersion in a virtual world, or interaction among people using these interfaces allows people to interact with applications in new ways. The requirements of network applications using these kinds of displays generally require advanced networking. 11/28/2018 Source: University of Illinois-Chicago

Grid Projects NEESGrid GriPhyN Infrastructure www.neesgrid.org www.griphyn.org Infrastructure www.gridforum.org 11/28/2018

Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Network Infrastructure Middleware Engineering Advanced Applications Partnerships These are the five areas that Internet2, Internet2 members, and partner organizations are focused on. 11/28/2018

Internet2 Partnerships Internet2 universities are recreating the partnerships that fostered the Internet in its infancy Industry Government International Partnerships are the foundation of how the Internet developed and they are also a part of the foundation of Internet2. 11/28/2018

Internet2 and the Next Generation Internet Initiative NGI University-led Federal agency-led Developing education and research driven applications Agency mission-driven and general purpose applications Building out campus networks, gigaPoPs and inter-gigapop infrastructure Funding research testbeds and agency research networks Internet2 works closely with the federal agencies involved in the Next Generation Internet initiative. Interconnecting and interoperating to provide advanced networking capabilities needed to support advanced research and education applications 11/28/2018

National Networks Internet2 Backbone Networks vBNS Abilene Federal Backbone Networks DREN ESnet NREN SuperNet … 11/28/2018

Technology Transfer Conduits Collaborating on advanced applications Deploying pre-commercial infrastructure and protocols Establishing expertise and human capital Large-scale proof of concept A primary goal of Internet2 is to ensure the rapid adoption of new capabilities in the global Internet. Internet2 Corporate Partners play an important role in ensuring these technologies are broadly deployed. The Internet2 community provides a way for new capabilities to be tested. Many of the students at universities take the experience and expertise they gain through their university’s participation in Internet2 with them when they move into the commercial world. 11/28/2018

International Partnerships Ensure global interoperability of advanced networking technologies and applications Enable collaborations between US researchers at Internet2 institutions and their non-US counterparts 11/28/2018

NORDUnet, SURFnet CA*net3 26 October 2000 While Abilene physically spans the breadth of the United States, it achieves global reach through connections with myriad research and education networks serving countries around the world. STTL CA*net3, (AARnet) (ANSP), APAN/TransPAC, Ca*net3, CERN, CERnet, IUCC, NORDUnet, RENATER2, REUNA2, (RNP2), SURFnet, SingAREN, SINET, TAnet2 NYCM TEN-155*, JANET, NORDUnet, SURFnet CA*net3 (HEAnet, BELNET) SNVA (SINET, GEMNET) LOSA SingAREN, SINET (HARNET?) CALREN2 CUDI AmPATH (REUNA, RNP2, RETINA?) UT El Paso (CUDI) 11/28/2018 * ARNES, BELNET, CARNET, CESnet, DFN, GRNET, HEAnet, RESTENA, SWITCH, HUNGARNET, GARR-B, POL-34, RCCN, RedIRIS

International Members Asia-Pacific (APAN, APAN-KR [Korea] and Transpac) Belgium (BELNET) Canada (CA*Net3) Chile (REUNA) China (CERNET, CSTNET and NSFCNET) Czech Republic (CESnet) Europe (DANTE) France (GIP RENATER) Germany (DFN-Verein) Greece (GRNET) Hungary (HUNGARNET) Ireland (HEAnet) Israel (Israel-IUCC) Italy (INFN-GARR) Japan (JAIRC and SINET/NII) Luxembourg (RESTENA) Mexico (CUDI) Netherlands (Stichting SURF [SURFNET]) Nordic Countries (NORDUnet) Poland (POL-34) Portugal (RCCN) Singapore (SingAREN) Slovenia (ARNES) Spain (RedIRIS) Switzerland (SWITCH) Taiwan (TANET2) United Kingdom (JANET/UKERNA) 11/28/2018

Unanticipated Innovation Lesson of the Web Network growth and value are non-linear New technologies enable qualitatively different uses Users become innovators 11/28/2018

More Internet2 Information On the Web www.internet2.edu www.internet2.edu/html/lists.html Email info@internet2.edu Mkratz@internet2.edu For more information about Internet2, please see these web sites, or contact info@internet2.edu directly by email. 11/28/2018

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