مدیریت نمونه های آزمایشگاهی ، حمل و نقل ایمن و امن نمونه

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Presentation transcript:

مدیریت نمونه های آزمایشگاهی ، حمل و نقل ایمن و امن نمونه مدیریت نمونه های آزمایشگاهی ، حمل و نقل ایمن و امن نمونه مبحث نمونه های مشکوک به سل

HOW IS TB TRANSMITTED ? The TB bacilli are almost always transmitted by patients with active pulmonary disease. A patient expels TB bacilli in small droplets of respiratory secretions, which quickly evaporate leaving “droplet nuclei”, less than 5 μm in diameter. Droplet nuclei of this size, containing 1–3 bacilli, can remain suspended in the air indefinitely and, following inhalation, are able to reach deep into the lungs to produce infection. Larger particles do not remain airborne for as long and do not transmit TB as efficiently.

The risk of infection depends on: the infectiousness of the source; the environment (e.g. overcrowding and inadequate ventilation promote transmission of droplet nuclei); the duration and intensity of exposure; and the susceptibility of the recipient. Smear-positive patients who expel tubercle bacilli into the air, especially when they cough (also when they sneeze, speak or sing), are the most infectious sources

PROPER COLLECTION OF SPUTUM Exposure to patients collecting sputum is one of the greatest hazards to a laboratory technician – if the patient is an undiagnosed smear-positive case, he or she will produce infectious aerosols during cough. Any coughing patient who has to come to the laboratory should be asked to cover his or her mouth with hand or tissue. Always collect sputum specimens outdoors, where the movement of the air will rapidly dilute infectious droplets and UV rays will inactivate TB bacilli. NEVER collect sputum specimens in laboratories, toilets, waiting rooms, reception rooms, or other enclosed space.

اصول درخواست، برچسب گذاری و انتقال نمونه های مشکوک به سل حداقل اطلاعات ضروري در برگه درخواست آزمايش شامل نوع نمونه، آزمايش مورد درخواست، مشخصات بيمار ، شناسه مشخص بيمار يا نمونه، اطلاعات باليني مورد نياز متناسب با نوع آزمايش درخواست شده و ....) مي باشد نحوه برچسب گذاري نمونه و درج حداقل اطلاعات روي برچسب شامل : نام و نام خانوادگي، شماره پذيرش، تاريخ و ساعت جمع آوري و نوع نمونه

Containers of tb samples : Containers are: leakproof clean 50-ml capacity made of clear or translucent material screw-capped with a watertight seal. Containers are labelled on the sides.

What’s wrong? Containers are labelled only on the cap, not on the side! One specimen container is not made of clear-view plastic.

What’s wrong? Some containers are not properly labelled. Identification can not rely only on request forms. Containers should always be labelled (forms have been placed under the containers and could easily become mixed up!) Viability of AFB on paper ?

Transportation

انتقال نمونه های مشکوک به سل نمونه هاي ارسالي در ظروف استاندارد ( لوله هاي در پيچ دار با درب محكم و غيرقابل نشت) جمع آوري شده و براي بسته بندي نمونه ها از سه محفظه استاندارد بسته بندي استفاده مي شود(مطابق با راهنماي"روش استاندارد انتقال نمونه هاي عفوني" ) مطابق دستورالعملهای بین المللی و کشوری نمونه های سل به دلیل ایجاد عفونت بالا در گروه A طبقه بندی شده و مشمول کد UN 2814 می باشد که روی جعبه های استاندارد نمونه های عفونی لازم است نوشته یا برچسب گذاری گردد

شرایط انتقال نمونه های درخواست کشت سل نمونه هائی که درخواست کشت سل را دارند به دلیل حساس بودن نمونه به شرایط دما لازم است زنجیره سرد حفظ شود در مسافتهای نزدیک 2-4 ساعت شرایط دمای محیطی به دور از تابش مستقیم آفتاب با رعایت اصول ایمنی موردی برای کشت نمونه در همان روز کاری بدنبال نخواهد داشت (نمونه های خارج ریوی) اما در مسافتهای طولانی (فواصل بین شهری) حتما از زنجیره سرد استفاده می شود. رعایت حداقل زمان ممکن (کمتر از 48 ساعت) برای انتقال نمونه های کشت سل ریوی الزامی است.

What’s wrong? Box container is open and is not leakproof. Specimen containers are not packed vertically. Some containers appear to be open. Specimen containers are not made of clear-view plastic The box is not fitted with a locking mechanism. How do you handle the containers/specimens?

اقدامات ایمنی زیستی در صورت آلوده شدن فرم ارجاع، فرم بیماریابی یا نسخه پزشک به نمونه بیمار مشکوک به سل پوشیدن ماسک و دستکش و انتقال فرم آلوده در اسرع وقت به داخل هود بیولوژیک آزمایشگاه. درج اطلاعات فرم آلوده در یک برگه یا فرم دیگر آلوده زدائی فرم آلوده با استفاده از مواد ضدعفونی کننده مناسب مانند آب ژاول (وایتکس) 10% حاوی کلر فعال یا الکل 70 درجه دفع مناسب فرم آلوده و دستکش در کیسه اتوکلاو

References منابع Laboratory biosafety manual, 3rd edition TUBERCULOSIS LABORATORY BIOSAFETY MANUAL ایمنی و بهداشت در آزمایشگاههای دید مستقیم و کشت سل