TERM DEFINITION 1. Gilded Age A. Required government employees to pass a test, limited patronage and the spoils system. 2. Boss Tweed B. Corrupt political organizations that controlled cities and political parties. Exchanged services for votes and financial support. 3. Patronage C. Leader of the Tammany Hall political machine in NYC. 4. Political machines D. Giving someone a government job in exchange for political/financial support. 5. Pendleton Civil Service Act E. Refers to the the era of industrialization and urbanization, 1877 – 1900.
Immigration During the Gilded Age
Push factors Europe was too crowded Famine Political/religious persecution
Pull factors U.S. factories offered jobs. Chinese came for jobs on the railroads in the West. Freedom offered by American democracy.
Challenges Ellis Island – Europeans Angel Island – Asians Often got the worst housing/jobs
Nativism “strong hatred for immigrants.” “Natives” did not like new languages, religions, etc. Competition for jobs
Legal discrimination “NINA” – No Irish Need Apply Chinese Exclusion Act – 1882, banned immigrants from China.
Labor unions American Federation of Labor (AFL) – protected skilled workers. Haymarket Square – 1886, police fire on protesting workers. Homestead Strike – 1892, National Guard fire on striking steel workers. Pullman Strike – 1893, Federal troop put down railroad strike. GOV’T OPPOSED LABOR UNIONS.