Aim: How did Emperor Justinian transform his empire into a new Rome? Students recall: Emperor Constantine moved the capital out of Rome and to the eastern capital of Byzantium, a city he renamed for himself – Constantinople. The eastern half of the old Roman empire would now become the Byzantine Empire. Constantine I Topic: The BYZANTINE Empire Aim: How did Emperor Justinian transform his empire into a new Rome? Do Now: Get with a partner and make a list of things that made Rome great This portrait head was sculpted about a year after Constantine founded Constantinople. Colossal statues of the gods were made in antiquity for temple sanctuaries. A number of emperors before Constantine had erected such images of themselves, in civic buildings or imperial forums, emphasizing their might and godlike status. This colossal head of Constantine I was made to be inserted into a bust or, more likely, a seated, enthroned, full-length statue of the emperor, which would have been about ten feet high overall. Locks of hair combed forward frame the closely shaven face. Thick eyebrows arch over upward gazing eyes. Although the nose, mouth, chin, and ears have been restored, the identification of the subject is certain. The physiognomy compares favorably with the emperor's traits as depicted on imperial portraiture, such as coinage. The large eyes may reflect Eastern influence and may also indicate spiritual concerns. Rome, ca. 325 Marble H. 37 1/2 in. (95.3 cm) The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, N.Y. http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/Byzantium/byzim_1.html

What made Rome great? Government How long the empire lasted (strong rulers) Spreading the empire: territory Rome conquered Great military Colosseum: entertainment (chariot races/gladiators) Architects and engineers Embracing Christianity (later) Wealth: Dominated trade Law

Today we will see if New Rome (Byzantine Empire) Can match Old Rome With a partner as we go through the slides, pictures, notes, videos, secondary sources, and primary sources make a list of all the ways New Rome stacked up to Old Rome (use the do now as a reference) Take out 1 piece of paper per team, (1 recorder/1 assistant) You both are still taking notes during the lesson

I. BYZANTINE WEALTH From Trade What can you infer about Constantinople’s location that made it a strategic location to benefit from Trade? PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Which trade networks connected to the Byzantine Empire? How might living at the intersection of several trade networks have affected the lives of people in the Byzantine Empire

From Trade : lots of gold and silver BYZANTINE WEALTH From Trade : lots of gold and silver Very typical Byzantine Art: Church adornments & Religious icons Left: Icon depicting “Presentation of Christ in the Temple,” Byzantine wood painted, with gold-leaf background. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/08/eusb/hob_31.67.8.htm PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Emperor Justinian [r. 527-564]

II. Great rulers Justinian [r. 527-565] A. Byzantine Empire reached its height Reconquest of the western empire from the Barbarians (Germanic people) Wealth: through conquest and taxation Public projects: bridges, churches, monasteries, libraries, parks, public baths, and aqueducts.

Justinian’s Empire at its Peak III. Spreading the Empire Justinian’s Empire at its Peak Class Discussion: What do you notice about this map?

IV: Great Military General Belisarius – Led the Byzantine Army Defeated Germanic tribes in North Africa, Italy, and Rome. Primary Source: Read the secret history by Procopius and answer the 3 questions that follow

Medial Assessment The Eastern Roman Empire became known as Constantinople Greece Byzantium Istanbul 2) What continents and seas make the city of Constantinople a perfect place for trade?

V. Public Projects Church of Hagia Sophia means [Holy Wisdom] Visible sign of Church and State being connected Class Discussion: Why do governments so often build magnificent buildings like Hagia Sophia? Primary Source with Partner: Read about the Hagia Sophia – write down the depictions that stuck out the most.

Interior of the Church of Hagia Sophia

Class Discussion 1) What descriptions from the reading stood out the most? 2) After looking at the pictures any new observations or questions? 3) What building that we have talked about in the past did this remind you of? (prize if you get it)