I. States of Matter Kinetic Molecular Theory States of Matter

A. Kinetic Molecular Theory KMT Particles of matter are always in motion. The kinetic energy (speed) of these particles increases as temperature increases.

B. Four States of Matter Solids very low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around fixed shape fixed volume

low KE - particles can move around but are still close together B. Four States of Matter Liquids low KE - particles can move around but are still close together variable shape fixed volume

B. Four States of Matter Gases high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container variable shape variable volume

B. Four States of Matter Plasma very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-) What isn’t matter? Light Energy

II. Classification of Matter Matter Flowchart Pure Substances Mixtures

Can it be physically separated? A. Matter Flowchart MATTER Can it be physically separated? yes no MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE Is the composition uniform? no yes Can it be chemically decomposed? no yes Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element Colloids Suspensions

A. Matter Flowchart Examples: sodium pepper sugar (sucrose) paint soda element hetero. mixture compound solution

B. Pure Substances Pure substances may either be an element or a compound Element composed of identical atoms EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

B. Pure Substances Compound composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio properties differ from those of individual elements EX: table salt (NaCl)

B. Pure Substances Law of Definite Composition A given compound always contains the same, fixed ratio of elements. Law of Multiple Proportions Elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds.

Two different compounds, each has a definite composition. B. Pure Substances For example… Ratio: 1:1 Ratio: 1:2 Two different compounds, each has a definite composition.

Homogeneous Heterogeneous C. Mixtures A mixture is a combination of 2 or more pure substances. Heterogeneous Homogeneous

particles don’t settle EX: rubbing alcohol C. Mixtures Tyndall Effect Solution homogeneous very small particles no Tyndall effect particles don’t settle EX: rubbing alcohol

C. Mixtures Colloid heterogeneous medium-sized particles Tyndall effect particles don’t settle EX: milk

C. Mixtures Suspension heterogeneous large particles Tyndall effect particles settle EX: fresh-squeezed lemonade

C. Mixtures Examples: colloid mayonnaise muddy water suspension fog saltwater Italian salad dressing colloid suspension solution